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Throughout the year 2011, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has operated with an instantaneous luminosity that has risen continually to around 4x10^33cm-2 s-1. With this prodigious high-energy proton collisions rate, efficient triggering on…
Hybrid silicon pixel detectors are currently used in the innermost tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Radiation tolerance up to fluences expected for a few years of running of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has…
During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates,…
The muon spectrometer of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is equipped with a redundant system made of Resistive Plate Chambers and Drift Tube in barrel and RPC and Cathode Strip Chamber in endcap…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is a general-purpose experimental setup at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to investigate the production of new particles in the proton-proton collisions at a centre of mass energy 13 TeV.…
Pixel detectors are used in the innermost part of the multi purpose experiments at LHC and are therefore exposed to the highest fluences of ionising radiation, which in this part of the detectors consists mainly of charged pions. The…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of two general-purpose detectors that reconstruct the products of high energy particle interactions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The silicon pixel detector is the innermost…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Experiment is a general purpose particle detector experiment located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In 2008, the LHC beam was commissioned and successfully steered through the CMS detector. First…
The foreseen upgrade of the LHC to its high luminosity phase (HL-LHC), will maximize the physics potential of the facility. The upgrade is expected to increase the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of 5 and deliver an integrated…
In 2017, the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN has obtained an astonishing result providing proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 50.25 fb-1. The CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid), a general-purpose detector operating at the…
During the era of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) the devices in its experiments will be subjected to increased radiation levels with high fluxes of neutrons and charged hadrons, especially in the inner detectors. A systematic program of…
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5-7.5$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000-4000…
The muon system of the CMS experiment is expected to upgrade all of its subdetectors for the Phase-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that will begin in 2029. The upgrade plans for drift tubes (DTs), cathode strip chambers (CSCs) and…
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and to reach the unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of $7.5 \times 10^{34} \text{cm}^{-2} \text{s}^{-1}$…
In preparation of the operation of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) barrel at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the entire on-detector electronics will be replaced. The new readout electronics comprises 12240 very…
The CMS muon system includes in both the barrel and endcap region Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). They mainly serve as trigger detectors and also improve the reconstruction of muon parameters. Over the years, the instantaneous luminosity of…
During the high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC), planned to start around 2027, the accelerator is expected to deliver an instantaneous peak luminosity of up to $7.5\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. A total integrated luminosity of…
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of two general-purpose detectors that measure the products of high energy particle interactions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The silicon pixel detector is the innermost…
The LHCb experiment(Fig. 1), that is presently taking data at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) Large Hadron Collider (LHC), aims at the study of CP violation in the B meson sector. Its key elements is the Muon detector [1], which…
The CMS pixel detector is the innermost component of the CMS tracker occupying the region around the centre of CMS, where the LHC beams are crossed, between 4.3 cm and 30 cm in radius and 46.5 cm along the beam axis. It operates in a…