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Extreme events and the heavy tail distributions driven by them are ubiquitous in various scientific, engineering and financial research. They are typically associated with stochastic instability caused by hidden unresolved processes.…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-22 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

We propose and analyze a new estimator of the covariance matrix that admits strong theoretical guarantees under weak assumptions on the underlying distribution, such as existence of moments of only low order. While estimation of covariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Stanislav Minsker , Xiaohan Wei

Consider the multivariate smoothing transform fixed-point equation: $\eta =$ law of $ \sum_{i=1}^N A_i Z_i$, where $N \geq 0$ is a random integer, $(A_i)_{i \geq 1}$ are $d \times d$ random nonnegative matrices, $(Z_i)_{i \geq 1}$ is a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Jianzhang Mei , Quansheng Liu

Heavy-tailed distributions are frequently used to enhance the robustness of regression and classification methods to outliers in output space. Often, however, we are confronted with "outliers" in input space, which are isolated observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-06-24 Fabian L. Wauthier , Michael I. Jordan

For a numerical sequence ${a_n}$ satisfying broad assumptions on its "behaviour on average" and a random walk $S_n=\xi_1 +...+\xi_n$ with i.i.d. jumps $\xi_j$ with positive mean $\mu$, we establish the asymptotic behaviour of the sums…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-29 Alexander A. Borovkov , Konstantin A. Borovkov

Let $\xi_1, \xi_2,\ldots$ be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with zero mean, finite second moment and regularly varying right distribution tail. Motivated by a stop-loss insurance model, we consider a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Aaron Chong , Konstantin Borovkov

Let $(X_n:n\geq 0)$ be a sequence of i.i.d. r.v.'s with negative mean. Set $S_0=0$ and define $S_n=X_1+... +X_n$. We propose an importance sampling algorithm to estimate the tail of $M=\max \{S_n:n\geq 0\}$ that is strongly efficient for…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-08-21 Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn

We study the large-time asymptotic of renewal-reward processes with a heavy-tailed waiting time distribution. It is known that the heavy tail of the distribution produces an extremely slow dynamics, resulting in a singular large deviation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Hiroshi Horii , Raphael Lefevere , Takahiro Nemoto

Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) is a widely used risk-sensitive objective for learning under rare but high-impact losses, yet its statistical behavior under heavy-tailed data remains poorly understood. Unlike expectation-based risk, CVaR…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Dinesh Karthik Mulumudi , Piyushi Manupriya , Gholamali Aminian , Anant Raj

Let $p>2$, $B\geq 1$, $N\geq n$ and let $X$ be a centered $n$-dimensional random vector with the identity covariance matrix such that $\sup\limits_{a\in S^{n-1}}{\mathrm E}|\langle X,a\rangle|^p\leq B$. Further, let $X_1,X_2,\dots,X_N$ be…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-14 Konstantin Tikhomirov

We construct an example of a continuous centered random process with light tails of finite-dimensional distribution but with heavy tail of maximum distribution.

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-31 E. Ostrovsky , L. Sirota

Modern statistical analyses often encounter datasets with massive sizes and heavy-tailed distributions. For datasets with massive sizes, traditional estimation methods can hardly be used to estimate the extreme value index directly. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-26 Yongxin Li , Liujun Chen , Deyuan Li , Hansheng Wang

We investigate the high-dimensional properties of robust regression estimators in the presence of heavy-tailed contamination of both the covariates and response functions. In particular, we provide a sharp asymptotic characterisation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Urte Adomaityte , Leonardo Defilippis , Bruno Loureiro , Gabriele Sicuro

We study the asymptotic behaviour of widely used tests for evaluating and comparing predictive accuracy when forecast errors exhibit heavy tails. In particular, when loss differentials have infinite variance, the Diebold-Mariano test…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Jonas F. Frederiksen , Muneya Matsui , Rasmus S. Pedersen

Let $\{X_i\}_{i\geq1}$ be an i.i.d. sequence of random variables and define, for $n\geq2$, \[T_n=\cases{n^{-1/2}\hat{\sigma}_n^{-1}S_n,\quad \hat{\sigma}_n>0,\cr 0,\quad \hat{\sigma}_n=0,}with S_n=\sum_{i=1}^nX_i,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-11 Fredrik Jonsson

Consider $n$ i.i.d. random elements on $C[0,1]$. We show that, under an appropriate strengthening of the domain of attraction condition, natural estimators of the extreme-value index, which is now a continuous function, and the normalizing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 John H. J. Einmahl , Tao Lin

A random vector $X$ with representation $X=\sum_{j\geq0}A_jZ_j$ is considered. Here, $(Z_j)$ is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random vectors and $(A_j)$ is a sequence of random matrices, `predictable' with respect to…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Henrik Hult , Gennady Samorodnitsky

It is known that large deviations of sums of subexponential random variables are most likely realised by deviations of a single random variable. In this article we give a detailed picture of how subexponential random variables are…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-06-25 Inés Armendáriz , Michail Loulakis

We develop an efficient simulation algorithm for computing the tail probabilities of the infinite series $S = \sum_{n \geq 1} a_n X_n$ when random variables $X_n$ are heavy-tailed. As $S$ is the sum of infinitely many random variables, any…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-08 Henrik Hult , Sandeep Juneja , Karthyek Murthy

We study invertibility of matrices of the form $D+R$ where $D$ is an arbitrary symmetric deterministic matrix, and $R$ is a symmetric random matrix whose independent entries have continuous distributions with bounded densities. We show that…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-02 Brendan Farrell , Roman Vershynin