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Predicting and improving player retention is crucial to the success of mobile Free-to-Play games. This paper explores the problem of rapid retention prediction in this context. Heuristic modeling approaches are introduced as a way of…

Consumers often face products sold as lotteries rather than fixed outcomes. A prominent case is the loot box in video games, where players pay for randomized rewards. We investigate how presentation formats shape consumer beliefs and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-04 Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt , Hans-Theo Normann , Jan-Niklas Tiede , Tobias Werner

We present a framework for analyzing the near miss effect in lotteries. A decision maker (DM) facing a lottery, falsely interprets losing outcomes that are close to winning ones, as a sign that success is within reach. As a result of this…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-12-18 Michael Crystal

In the multiarmed bandit problem a gambler chooses an arm of a slot machine to pull considering a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation. We study the stochastic bandit problem where each arm has a reward distribution supported in a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-03-29 Junya Honda , Akimichi Takemura

Robots in dynamic environments need fast, accurate models of how objects move in their environments to support agile planning. In sports such as ping pong, analytical models often struggle to accurately predict ball trajectories with spins…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Qingyu Xiao , Zixuan Wu , Matthew Gombolay

This paper looks into the gain or loss from rolling a fair die multiple times and choosing the highest or lowest number as the outcome over rolling the die just once. Specifically, this paper gives a general formula for the expected value…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Fan Jiang , Elvin Jiang

Building on the view of machine learning as search, we demonstrate the necessity of bias in learning, quantifying the role of bias (measured relative to a collection of possible datasets, or more generally, information resources) in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-16 George D. Montanez , Jonathan Hayase , Julius Lauw , Dominique Macias , Akshay Trikha , Julia Vendemiatti

Two losing gambling games, when alternated in a periodic or random fashion, can produce a winning game. This paradox has been inspired by certain physical systems capable of rectifying fluctuations: the so-called Brownian ratchets. In this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-03 J. M. R. Parrondo , L. Dinis

We introduce a novel rule-based approach for handling regression problems. The new methodology carries elements from two frameworks: (i) it provides information about the uncertainty of the parameters of interest using Bayesian inference,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-11 Themistoklis Botsas , Lachlan R. Mason , Indranil Pan

Inspired by the theory of desirable gambles that is used to model uncertainty in the field of imprecise probabilities, I present a theory of desirable things. Its aim is to model a subject's beliefs about which things are desirable. What…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jasper De Bock

Consider a gambling game in which we are allowed to repeatedly bet a portion of our bankroll at favorable odds. We investigate the question of how to minimize the expected number of rounds needed to increase our bankroll to a given target…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-12-06 Thomas P. Hayes

We consider infinite-state turn-based stochastic games of two players, Box and Diamond, who aim at maximizing and minimizing the expected total reward accumulated along a run, respectively. Since the total accumulated reward is unbounded,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-09 Tomáš Brázdil , Antonín Kučera , Petr Novotný

Estimating win probability is one of the classic modeling tasks of sports analytics. Many widely used win probability estimators use machine learning to fit the relationship between a binary win/loss outcome variable and certain game-state…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-21 Ryan S. Brill , Ronald Yurko , Abraham J. Wyner

There seems to be an upper limit to predicting the outcome of matches in (semi-)professional sports. Recent work has proposed that this is due to chance and attempts have been made to simulate the distribution of win percentages to identify…

Applications · Statistics 2015-08-21 Albrecht Zimmermann

The prediction of the final state probabilities of a general cuboid randomly thrown onto a surface is a problem that naturally arises in the minds of men and women familiar with regular cubic dice and the basic concepts of probability.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-07-24 G. A. T. Pender , M. Uhrin

In this paper we present a novel approach to optimise tactical and strategic decision making in football (soccer). We model the game of football as a multi-stage game which is made up from a Bayesian game to model the pre-match decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ryan Beal , Georgios Chalkiadakis , Timothy J. Norman , Sarvapali D. Ramchurn

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for two-player deterministic games with perfect information, which we call PROBS (Predict Results of Beam Search). Unlike existing methods that predominantly rely on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Sergey Pastukhov

In the run-up to any major sports tournament, winning probabilities of participants are publicized for engagement and betting purposes. These are generally based on simulating the tournament tens of thousands of times by sampling from…

Computation · Statistics 2023-07-21 Ulrik Brandes , Gordana Marmulla , Ivana Smokovic

We cosider random dynamical systems with randomly chosen jumps. The choice of deterministic dynamical system and jumps depends on a position. We proove the existence of an exponentially attractive invariant measure and the strong law of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-26 K. Horbacz , M. Ślęczka

In this paper, we propose a model which simulates odds distributions of pari-mutuel betting system under two hypotheses on the behavior of bettors: 1. The amount of bets increases very rapidly as the deadline for betting comes near. 2. Each…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-05-14 Kurihara Kazutaka , Yohei Tutiya