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Internet censorship limits the access of nodes residing within a specific network environment to the public Internet, and vice versa. During the last decade, techniques for conducting Internet censorship have been developed further.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Steffen Wendzel , Simon Volpert , Sebastian Zillien , Julia Lenz , Philip Rünz , Luca Caviglione

The Tor network is a widely used system for anonymous communication. However, Tor is known to be vulnerable to attackers who can observe traffic at both ends of the communication path. In this paper, we show that prior attacks are just the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-16 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Laurent Vanbever , Oscar Li , Jennifer Rexford , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Censorship of the Internet is widespread around the world. As access to the web becomes increasingly ubiquitous, filtering of this resource becomes more pervasive. Transparency about specific content that citizens are denied access to is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Alexander Darer , Oliver Farnan , Joss Wright

The prevalence of Internet censorship has prompted the creation of several measurement platforms for monitoring filtering activities. An important challenge faced by these platforms revolves around the trade-off between depth of measurement…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Nguyen Phong Hoang , Sadie Doreen , Michalis Polychronakis

Tor is the most widely used anonymity network, currently serving millions of users each day. However, there is no access control in place for all these users, leaving the network vulnerable to botnet abuse and attacks. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Zhuotao Liu , Yushan Liu , Philipp Winter , Prateek Mittal , Yih-Chun Hu

In quantum censorship, an agency oversees quantum communication in a public-domain network. The agency restricts the users communication to the free states of a quantum resource theory (QRT). Despite quantum correlations being fragile, any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Julien Pinske , Klaus Mølmer

Censorship, anti-censorship, and self-censorship in an authoritarian regime have been extensively studies, yet the relationship between these intertwined factors is not well understood. In this paper, we report results of a large-scale…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Xiang Chen , Jiamu Xie , Zixin Wang , Bohui Shen , Zhixuan Zhou

The Tor network provides users with strong anonymity by routing their internet traffic through multiple relays. While Tor encrypts traffic and hides IP addresses, it remains vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as the website…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yuwen Cui , Guangjing Wang , Khanh Vu , Kai Wei , Kehan Shen , Zhengyuan Jiang , Xiao Han , Ning Wang , Zhuo Lu , Yao Liu

Current electronic voting systems require an anonymous channel during the voting phase to prevent coercion. Typically, low-latency anonymization-networks like Tor are used for this purpose. In this paper we devise a monitoring attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Christian Meter , Alexander Schneider , Philipp Hagemeister , Martin Mauve

Over the last two decades, the scale and complexity of the Internet and its associated technologies built on the World Wide Web has grown exponentially with access to Internet as a facility occupying a prime place with other amenities of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-12-23 B H Priyanka , Ravi Prakash

This paper presents a detailed study of the Internet censorship in India. We consolidated a list of potentially blocked websites from various public sources to assess censorship mechanisms used by nine major ISPs. To begin with, we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Tarun Kumar Yadav , Akshat Sinha , Devashish Gosain , Piyush Sharma , Sambuddho Chakravarty

The Tor Network has been a significant part of the Internet for years. Tor was originally started in the Naval Research Laboratory for anonymous Internet browsing and Internet-based communication. From being used for anonymous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Chaitanya Rahalkar , Anushka Virgaonkar , Kethaki Varadan

One of the Internet's greatest strengths is the degree to which it facilitates access to any of its resources from users anywhere in the world. However, users in the developing world have complained of websites blocking their countries. We…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-30 Sadia Afroz , Michael Carl Tschantz , Shaarif Sajid , Shoaib Asif Qazi , Mobin Javed , Vern Paxson

The original design of the Internet was a resilient, distributed system, that maybe able to route around (and therefore recover from) massive disruption --- up to and including nuclear war. However, network routing effects and business…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-20 H. B. Acharya , Sambuddho Chakravarty , Devashish Gosain

Anonymity networks like Tor significantly enhance online privacy but are vulnerable to correlation attacks by state-level adversaries. While covert channels encapsulated in media protocols, particularly WebRTC-based encapsulation, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Afonso Vilalonga , João S. Resende , Henrique Domingos

One of the primary ways in which India engages in online censorship is by ordering Internet Service Providers (ISPs) operating in its jurisdiction to block access to certain websites for its users. This paper reports the different…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Kushagra Singh , Gurshabad Grover , Varun Bansal

Privacy of users in P2P networks goes far beyond their current usage and is a fundamental requirement to the adoption of P2P protocols for legal usage. In a climate of cold war between these users and anti-piracy groups, more and more users…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-04-12 Pere Manils , Chaabane Abdelberri , Stevens Le Blond , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Claude Castelluccia , Arnaud Legout , Walid Dabbous

Over the last two decades, the scale and complexity of Anonymous networks and its associated technologies grows exponentially as privacy has become a major concern of individuals. Also, some cyber attackers make use of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Tian Yunfan , Zhang Xiang

Tor, one of the most popular censorship circumvention systems, faces regular blocking attempts by censors. Thus, to facilitate access, it relies on "pluggable transports" (PTs) that disguise Tor's traffic and make it hard for the adversary…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zeya Umayya , Dhruv Malik , Devashish Gosain , Piyush Kumar Sharma

Tor is among most well-known dark net in the world. It has noble uses, including as a platform for free speech and information dissemination under the guise of true anonymity, but may be culturally better known as a conduit for criminal…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Mahdieh Zabihimayvan , Reza Sadeghi , Derek Doran , Mehdi Allahyari