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We report the observation of layer breathing mode (LBM) vibrations in few-layer graphene (FLG) samples of thickness from 2 to 6 layers, exhibiting both Bernal (AB) and rhombohedral (ABC) stacking order. The LBM vibrations are identified…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-11-15 Chun Hung Lui , Leandro M. Malard , SukHyun Kim , Gabriel Lantz , François E. Laverge , Riichiro Saito , Tony F. Heinz

The symmetry group analysis is applied to classify the phonon modes of $N$-stacked graphene layers (NSGL's) with AB- and AA-stacking, particularly their infra-red and Raman properties. The dispersions of various phonon modes are calculated…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-06-30 Jin-Wu Jiang , Hui Tang , Bing-Shen Wang , Zhao-Bin Su

Though graphene has been intensively studied by Raman spectroscopy, in this letter, we report a study of second-order overtone and combinational Raman modes in an unexplored range of 1690-2150 cm-1 in nonsuspended commensurate (AB-stacked),…

Materials Science · Physics 2010-10-19 Chunxiao Cong , Ting Yu , Riichiro Saito

We report multiphonon Raman scattering in graphene samples. Higher order combination modes involving 3 phonons and 4 phonons are observed in single-layer (SLG), bi-layer (BLG), and few layer (FLG) graphene samples prepared by mechanical…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Rahul Rao , Derek Tishler , Jyoti Katoch , Masa Ishigami

Layer-layer coupling plays a critical role in defining the physical properties of few-layer graphene (FLG). With respect to vibrations, the interlayer coupling is predicted to create a set of N-1 finite frequency, out-of-plane interlayer…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-04-04 Chun Hung Lui , Tony F. Heinz

We present complete calculations of the two-phonon Raman bands of bilayer graphene, including all overtone and combination modes, within a density-functional tight-binding model. Based on our results, we assign unambiguously the observed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Valentin N. Popov

We present Raman measurements of mono- and few-layer WS2. We study the monolayer A'1 mode around 420 cm(-1) and its evolution with the number of layers. We show that with increasing layer number there is an increasing number of possible…

Raman spectroscopy has become an essential technique to characterize and investigate graphene and many other two-dimensional materials. However, there still lacks consensus on the Raman signature and phonon dispersion of atomically thin…

The most important bands for the evaluation of strain in graphene (the 2D and 2D prime modes) are investigated. It is shown that for Bernal-stacked bilayers, the two-phonon Raman features have three different components that can be assigned…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-07-27 Sara D Costa , Johan Ek Weis , Otakar Frank , Michaela Fridrichová , Martin Kalbac

We present an \textit{ab initio} study based on density-functional theory of first- and second-order Raman spectra of graphene-based materials with different stacking arrangements and numbers of layers. Going from monolayer and bilayer…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-06-18 Albin Hertrich , Caterina Cocchi , Pasquale Pavone , Claudia Draxl

We present Raman spectroscopy measurements on single- and few-layer graphene flakes. Using a scanning confocal approach we collect spectral data with spatial resolution, which allows us to directly compare Raman images with scanning force…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-25 D. Graf , F. Molitor , K. Ensslin , C. Stampfer , A. Jungen , C. Hierold , L. Wirtz

We develop a theoretical framework for probing moir\'e phonon modes using Raman spectroscopy, and illustrate it with the example of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). These moir\'e phonons arise from interlayer sliding motion in twisted 2D…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-24 Vitor Dantas , Héctor Ochoa , Rafael M. Fernandes , Natalia B. Perkins

We demonstrate a reliable technique for counting atomic planes (n) of few-layer graphene (FLG) on SiO2/Si substrates by Raman spectroscopy. Our approach is based on measuring the ratio of the integrated intensity of the G graphene peak and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-02-01 Yee Kan Koh , Myung-Ho Bae , David G. Cahill , Eric Pop

Single- and few-layer MoS2 has recently gained attention as an interesting new material system for opto-electronics. Here, we report on scanning Raman measurements on few-layer MoS2 flakes prepared by exfoliation. We observe a Raman mode…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-19 G. Plechinger , S. Heydrich , J. Eroms , D. Weiss , Schüller , T. Korn

We report stimulated Raman spectroscopy of the G phonon in both single and multi-layer graphene, through Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS). The signal generated by the third order nonlinearity is dominated by a vibrationally…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-11 A. Virga , C. Ferrante , G. Batignani , D. De Fazio , A. D. G. Nunn , A. C. Ferrari , G. Cerullo , T. Scopigno

By computing the double-resonant Raman scattering cross-section completely from first principles and including electron-electron interaction at the $GW$ level, we unravel the dominant contributions for the double-resonant 2D-mode in bilayer…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-04 Felix Herziger , Matteo Calandra , Paola Gava , Patrick May , Michele Lazzeri , Francesco Mauri , Janina Maultzsch

Two new Raman modes below 100 cm^-1 are observed in twisted bilayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The two modes are observed in a small range of twisting angle at which the intensity of the G Raman peak is strongly enhanced,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-08-16 Rui He , Ting-Fung Chung , Conor Delaney , Courtney Keiser , Luis A. Jauregui , Paul M. Shand , C. C. Chancey , Yanan Wang , Jiming Bao , Yong P. Chen

Using very uniform large scale chemical vapor deposition grown graphene transferred onto silicon, we were able to identify 15 distinct Raman lines associated with graphene monolayers. This was possible thanks to a combination of different…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-11-07 Simon Bernard , Eric Whiteway , Victor Yu , D. G. Austing , Michael Hilke

We uncover the interlayer shear mode of multi-layer graphene samples, ranging from bilayer-graphene (BLG) to bulk graphite, and show that the corresponding Raman peak measures the interlayer coupling. This peak scales from~43cm-1 in bulk…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 P. H. Tan , W. P. Han , W. J. Zhao , Z. H. Wu , K. Chang , H. Wang , Y. F. Wang , N. Bonini , N. Marzari , G. Savini , A. Lombardo , A. C. Ferrari

Bernal- and non-Bernal-stacked graphene layers have been systematically studied by Raman imaging and spectroscopy. Two dominant Raman modes, G and G' (or 2D) of folded graphene layers exhibit three types of spectral features when interlayer…

Optics · Physics 2014-07-02 Chunxiao Cong , Ting Yu
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