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We investigate the role that planet detection order plays in the Kepler planet detection pipeline. The Kepler pipeline typically detects planets in order of descending signal strength (MES). We find that the detectability of transits…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-11 Jon K. Zink , Jessie L. Christiansen , Bradley M. S. Hansen

Structure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 David J. Armstrong , Farzana Meru , Daniel Bayliss , Grant M. Kennedy , Dimitri Veras

The Kepler Mission has found thousands of planetary candidates with radii between 1 and 4 R$_\oplus$. These planets have no analogues in our own Solar System, providing an unprecedented opportunity to understand the range and distribution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-25 Angie Wolfgang , Eric Lopez

The Kepler survey provides a statistical census of planetary systems out to the habitable zone. Because most planets are non-transiting, orbital architectures are best estimated using simulated observations of ensemble populations. Here, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-11 Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Daniel Apai , Fred J. Ciesla

The rich diversity of multi-planetary systems and their architectures is greatly contrasted by the uniformity exhibited within many of these systems. Previous studies have shown that compact Kepler systems tend to exhibit a peas-in-a-pod…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-10 Alexandra Muresan , Carina Persson , Malcolm Fridlund

Small planets ($R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$) are divided into rocky super-Earths and gaseous sub-Neptunes separated by a radius gap, but the mechanisms that produce these distinct planet populations remain unclear. Binary stars are the only…

The old G3V star Kepler-10 is known to host two transiting planets, the ultra-short-period super-Earth Kepler-10b ($P=0.837$ d; $R_{\rm p}=1.47~\rm R_\oplus$) and the long-period sub-Neptune Kepler-10c ($P=45.294$ d; $R_{\rm p}=2.35~\rm…

The California-Kepler Survey (CKS) catalog contains precise stellar and planetary properties for the \Kepler\ planet candidates, including systems with multiple detected transiting planets ("multis") and systems with just one detected…

The exotic range of known planetary systems has provoked an equally exotic range of physical explanations for their diverse architectures. However, constraining formation processes requires mapping the observed exoplanet population to that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-10 Andrew J. Winter , Richard Alexander

High-multiplicity Kepler systems (referred to as Kepler multis) are often tightly packed and may be on the verge of instability. Many systems of this type could have experienced past instabilities, where the compact orbits and often low…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Jason A. Hwang , Jason H. Steffen , James C. Lombardi , Frederic A. Rasio

We present the first study to synthesize results from five different exoplanet surveys using three independent detection methods: microlensing, radial velocity, and direct imaging. The constraints derived herein represent the most…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Christian Clanton , B. Scott Gaudi

NASA's Kepler mission discovered $\sim700$ planets in multi-planet systems containing 3 or more transiting bodies, many of which are super-Earths and mini-Neptunes in compact configurations. Using $N$-body simulations, we examine the in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Sanson T. S. Poon , Richard P. Nelson , Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli

The Kepler space mission discovered about a dozen planets orbiting around binary stars systems. Most of these circumbinary planets lie near their instability boundaries at about 3 to 5 binary separations. Past attempts to match these final…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-13 A. B. T. Penzlin , W. Kley , R. P. Nelson

The planets with a radius $<$ 4 $R$$_\oplus$ observed by the Kepler mission exhibit a unique feature, and propose a challenge for current planetary formation models. The tidal effect between a planet and its host star plays an essential…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-15 Yao Dong , Jianghui Ji , Su Wang

The angle $\psi$ between a planet's orbital axis and the spin axis of its parent star is an important diagnostic of planet formation, migration, and tidal evolution. We seek empirical constraints on $\psi$ by measuring the stellar…

We classified the reddest ($r-J>2.2$) stars observed by the NASA $Kepler$ mission into main sequence dwarf or evolved giant stars and determined the properties of 4216 M dwarfs based on a comparison of available photometry with that of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-24 E. Gaidos , A. W. Mann , A. L. Kraus , M. Ireland

We present a new framework to characterize the occurrence rates of planet candidates identified by Kepler based on hierarchical Bayesian modeling, Approximate Bayesian Computing (ABC), and sequential importance sampling. For this study we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Danley C. Hsu , Eric B. Ford , Darin Ragozzine , Robert C. Morehead

A planetary system consists of a host star and one or more planets, arranged into a particular configuration. Here, we consider what information belongs to the configuration, or ordering, of 4286 Kepler planets in their 3277 planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Emily Sandford , David Kipping , Michael Collins

An analysis of the currently known exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZs) of their host stars is of interest in both the wake of the NASA Kepler mission and with prospects for expanding the known planet population through future ground-…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Arthur D. Adams , Stephen R. Kane