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Fong et al. (The game chromatic index of some trees with maximum degree four and adjacent degree-four vertices, J. Comb Optim 36 (2018) 1-12) proved that the game chromatic index of any tree $T$ of maximum degree 4 whose degree-four…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-03 Wai Lam Fong , Wai Hong Chan

Given a graph $G$, a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ is a partition $c = (S_i)_{i\in [1,k]}$ of $V(G)$ into $k$ stable sets $S_1,\ldots, S_{k}$. Given a weight function $w: V(G) \to \mathbb{R}^+$, the weight of a color $S_i$ is defined as $w(i)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Júlio Araújo , Julien Baste , Ignasi Sau

A {\em strong edge coloring} of a graph is a proper edge coloring in which every color class is an induced matching. The {\em strong chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number of colors needed to obtain a strong edge coloring. In an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-17 Watcharintorn Ruksasakchai , Tao Wang

A proper vertex-colouring of a graph G is said to be locally identifying if for any pair u,v of adjacent vertices with distinct closed neighbourhoods, the sets of colours in the closed neighbourhoods of u and v are different. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-04 Florent Foucaud , Iiro Honkala , Tero Laihonen , Aline Parreau , Guillem Perarnau

A coloring of a tree is convex if the vertices that pertain to any color induce a connected subtree; a partial coloring (which assigns colors to some of the vertices) is convex if it can be completed to a convex (total) coloring. Convex…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shlomo Moran , Sagi Snir

A proper vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is equitable if the sizes of color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic threshold $\chi_{eq}^*(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that $G$ is equitably $n$-colorable for all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-21 Rong Luo , Jean-Sébastien Sereni , D. Christopher Stephens , Gexin Yu

We examine maximum vertex coloring of random geometric graphs, in an arbitrary but fixed dimension, with a constant number of colors. Since this problem is neither scale-invariant nor smooth, the usual methodology to obtain limit laws…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Sem Borst , Milan Bradonjić

Given a graph $H$, we say that a graph $G$ is properly rainbow $H$-saturated if: (1) There is a proper edge colouring of $G$ containing no rainbow copy of $H$; (2) For every $e \notin E(G)$, every proper edge colouring of $G+e$ contains a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Andrew Lane , Natasha Morrison

A total coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of its vertices and edges such that no adjacent vertices, edges, and no incident vertices and edges obtain the same color. An \emph{interval total $t$-coloring} of a graph $G$ is a total…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-10-15 P. A. Petrosyan , A. Yu. Torosyan , N. A. Khachatryan

An edge-colored graph $G$ is \emph{conflict-free connected} if any two of its vertices are connected by a path, which contains a color used on exactly one of its edges. The \emph{conflict-free connection number} of a connected graph $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-09 Hong Chang , Trung Duy Doan , Zhong Huang , Stanislav Jendrol' , Xueliang Li , Ingo Schiermeyer

A vertex coloring of a graph $G$ is said to be a 2-distance coloring if any two vertices at distance at most $2$ from each other receive different colors, and the least number of colors for which $G$ admits a $2$-distance coloring is known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Zakir Deniz

The {\em acyclic chromatic number} of a graph is the least number of colors needed to properly color its vertices so that none of its cycles has only two colors. The {\em acyclic chromatic index} is the analogous graph parameter for edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Lefteris Kirousis , John Livieratos

A proper $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a \emph{neighbor-locating $k$-coloring} if for each pair of vertices in the same color class, the two sets of colors found in their respective neighborhoods are different. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-05 Dipayan Chakraborty , Florent Foucaud , Soumen Nandi , Sagnik Sen , D K Supraja

Let $G$ be a simple graph. The dominated coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring of $G$ such that each color class is dominated by at least one vertex. The minimum number of colors needed for a dominated coloring of $G$ is called the dominated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Saeid Alikhani , Mohammad R. Piri

A 2-edge-colored graph or a signed graph is a simple graph with two types of edges. A homomorphism from a 2-edge-colored graph $G$ to a 2-edge-colored graph $H$ is a mapping $\varphi: V(G) \rightarrow V(H)$ that maps every edge in $G$ to an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-14 Christopher Duffy , Fabien Jacques , Mickael Montassier , Alexandre Pinlou

For a graph $G$, the \emph{equitable chromatic number} of $G$, denoted by $\chi_e(G)$, is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a proper $k$-coloring whose color classes differ in size by at most one. We prove that for every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Amir Nikabadi

An equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex $k$-coloring such that each color class induces a forest and the size of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this work, we show that every interval graph $G$ has an equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Bei Niu , Bi Li , Xin Zhang

A total dominator coloring of a graph G is a proper coloring of G in which each vertex of the graph is adjacent to every vertex of some color class. The total dominator chromatic number of a graph is the minimum number of color classes in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Farshad Kazemnejad , Behnaz Pahlavsay , Elisa Palezzato , Michele Torielli

Let $T$ be a tree with no degree 2 vertices and $L(T)=\{l_1,\ldots,l_r\}, r \geq 2$ denote the set of leaves in $T$. An Halin graph $G$ is a graph obtained from $T$ such that $V(G)=V(T)$ and $E(G)=E(T) \cup \{\{l_i,l_{i+1}\} ~|~ 1 \leq i…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-10-27 M. Kavin , K. Keerthana , N. Sadagopan , Sangeetha. S , R. Vinothini

Hajnal and Szemer\'{e}di proved that if $G$ is a finite graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, then for every integer $k \geqslant \Delta+1$, $G$ has a proper coloring with $k$ colors in which every two color classes differ in size at most by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Anton Bernshteyn , Clinton T. Conley