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Ultraviolet spectra of stars recorded by orbiting observatories since the 1970's have revealed absorption features produced by atoms in their favored ionization stages in the neutral ISM of our Galaxy. Most elements show abundances relative…
Niels Bohr successfully predicted in 1913 the energy levels for the hydrogen atom by applying certain quantization rules to classically obtained periodic orbits. Many physicists tried to apply similar methods to other atoms. In his…
During the dawn of chemistry when the temperature of the young Universe had fallen below $\sim$4000 K, the ions of the light elements produced in Big Bang nucleosynthesis recombined in reverse order of their ionization potential. With its…
Isotope shift of atomic spectra is considered as a probe of new interaction between electrons and neutrons in atoms. We employ the method of seeking a breakdown of King's linearity in the isotope shifts of two atomic transitions. In the…
High precision spectroscopy can provide a sensitive tool to test Coulomb's law on atomic length scales. This can then be used to constrain particles such as extra "hidden" photons or minicharged particles that are predicted in many…
The Higgs boson was predicted in 1964 by British physicist Peter Higgs. The Higgs is the key to explain the origin of the mass of other elementary particles of Nature. However, only with the coming into operation of the LHC, in 2008, there…
Cooperative scattering has been the subject of intense research in the last years. In this article, we discuss the concept of cooperative scattering from a broad perspective. We briefly review the various collective effects that occur when…
The number of hydrogen-like atoms produced when heavy nuclei collide is estimated for central collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the sudden approximation of Baym et al. As first suggested by Schwartz, a simultaneous…
The x-ray absorption spectra of water and ice are calculated with a many-body approach for electron-hole excitations. The experimental features, including the small effects of temperature change in the liquid, are quantitatively reproduced…
A new method to examine the time scale of particle emission from hot nuclei is explored. Excited projectile-like and target-like fragments decay as they separate following a peripheral heavy-ion collision. Their mutual Coulomb influence…
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) effect, discovered in the 1950s and further developed in the 1960s, was originally used to estimate stellar angular diameters through intensity correlations measured by spatially separated detectors. Further…
The new results concerning neutron emission detection from a laboratory high-voltage discharge in the air are presented. Data were obtained with a combination of plastic scintillation detectors and $^3$He filled counters of thermal…
Heavy hadron molecules were first theorized from a crude analogy with the deuteron and the nuclear forces binding it, a conjecture which was proven to be on the right track after the discovery of the $X(3872)$. However, this analogy with…
Isaac Newton's book 'Opticks' from the 18th century includes several hypotheses on the structure of matter. Most of the hypotheses were confirmed during the 19th and 20th centuries at the scale of atoms and molecules. Conflicts appear…
Based on an accurate first principles description of the energetics in H-bonded KDP, we conduct a first study of nuclear quantum effects and of the changes brought about by deuteration. Cluster tunneling involving also heavy ions is…
Expression for the probability of induced emission of high-order harmonics is obtained in the region where the multiphoton approximation is applicable to the description of the ionization of an atom. The dependence of this probability on…
We present a theoretical study of the inelastic scattering of vortex electrons by a hydrogen atom. In our study, special emphasis is placed on the effects of the Coulomb interaction between a projectile electron and a target atom. To…
Recently it was shown that classical "relativistic" particle dynamics was implicit in physics going back to Maxwell. The demonstration utilized a simple modification of a 1906 thought experiment by which Einstein established the mass…
Anisotropy is a fundamental property of particle interactions. It occupies a central role in cold and ultra-cold molecular processes, where long range forces have been found to significantly depend on orientation in ultra-cold polar…
Dawning neutron physics was more complex than one might expect. The chance that the neutron comprised a proton and an electron was diffusely taken into account after the discovery of the neutron. Moreover, uncertainties persisted about the…