Related papers: The isotope effect: Prediction, discussion, and di…
Controlling light at the level of individual photons has led to advances in fields ranging from quantum information and precision sensing to fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. A central development that followed the advent of single…
Experimental tests on `time dilation' began in 1938 with Ives and Stilwell's work of the transverse Doppler effect due to atoms in inertial flight. Rossi and Hall (1941) inaugurated the era of fast moving elementary particles that dominated…
Interstellar hydrides -- that is, molecules containing a single heavy element atom with one or more hydrogen atoms -- were among the first molecules detected outside the solar system. They lie at the root of interstellar chemistry, being…
This paper bridges a historiographical gap in accounts of the prediction and discovery of the positron by combining three ingredients. First, the prediction and discovery of the positron are situated in the broader context of a period of…
It is by now established that neutrinos mix, have (different) non-zero masses, and therefore oscillate. The oscillation parameters themselves, however, are not all well-known. An open problem is that of the neutrino mass hierarchy. We study…
A comprehensive microscopic understanding of ambient liquid water is a major challenge for $ab$ $initio$ simulations as it simultaneously requires an accurate quantum mechanical description of the underlying potential energy surface (PES)…
In 2012, physicists and astronomers celebrated the hundredth anniversary of the detection of cosmic rays by Viktor Hess. One year later, in 2013, there was first evidence for extraterrestrial high-energy neutrinos, i.e. for signal which may…
The development of ideas about the optical phenomenon called the accelerating matter effect led to the hypothesis of the existence of a very general acceleration effect. Its formulation is that the result of the particle interaction with…
An historical overview is given of the relevant steps that allowed the genesis of the quantum theory of the chemical bond, starting from the appearance of the new quantum mechanics and following later developments till approximately 1931.…
The primordial deuterium abundance is an important tracer of the fundamental physics taking place during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. It can be determined from absorption features along the line of sight to distant quasars. The quasar…
The Higgs particle is a new elementary particle predicted in the Standard Model of the elementary particle physics. It plays a special role in the theory of mass generation of quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons. In this article, theoretical…
A chronicle describing the historical context and the development of ideas and experiments leading to the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in rapidly rotating atomic nuclei some 50 years ago is presented. The moment of inertia of…
The amazing quantum effect of `entanglement' was discovered in the 1935 thought experiment by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen (`EPR'). The ensuing research opened up fundamental questions and led to experiments that proved…
Among the few ways that allow or could allow us to probe the early Universe from the observation of a flux of primordial particles, there is one possibility which has been little studied: the observation today of high energy neutrinos which…
The atomic exchange effect will lead to a significant increase in the probability density of $\beta$ decays below a few keV. This effect is very important for scientific experiments that performed by low-energy electron spectroscopy…
Electron-hole excitation theory is used to unveil the role of nuclear quantum effects on the X-ray absorption spectral signatures of water, whose structure is computed via path-integral molecular dynamics with the MB-pol intermolecular…
Precision spectroscopy has long played a central role in testing the foundations of physics, from the early insights that led to the development of quantum mechanics to the validation of quantum electrodynamics and the determination of…
The effect of projectile shape on cross sections and momentum distributions of fragments from heavy ion reactions is studied. We propose a new approach that implements the underlying symmetries of each isotope with a few parameters directly…
In 1995, a team of physicists from the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk was able to observe the splitting of a photon in the Coulomb field of an atomic nucleus for the first time, and reported the preliminary results of…
The discovery of naturally occurring long-lived isomeric states (t_1/2 > 10^8 yr) in the neutron-deficient isotopes 211,213,217,218Th [A. Marinov et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 021303(R) (2007)] was reexamined using accelerator mass spectrometry…