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Elliptic flow, $v_2$, and triangular flow, $v_3$, are to a good approximation linearly proportional to the corresponding spatial anisotropies of the initial density profile, $\varepsilon_2$ and $\varepsilon_3$. Using event-by-event…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-25 Giuliano Giacalone , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

This contribution presents a theoretical overview of hydrodynamic modelling of heavy-ion collisions, with highlights on some recent developments. In particular, the formulation of anisotropic hydrodynamics, the role of hydrodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-03-14 Li Yan

Higher-order anisotropic flows in heavy-ion collisions are affected by nonlinear mode coupling effects. It has been suggested that the associated nonlinear hydrodynamic response coefficients probe the transport properties and are largely…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-06-22 Jing Qian , Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

Flow observables in heavy-ion reactions at incident energies up to about 1 GeV per nucleon have been shown to be very useful for investigating the reaction dynamics and for determining the parameters of reaction models based on transport…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-03-25 P. Russotto , M. D. Cozma , A. Le Fevre , Y. Leifels , R. Lemmon , Q. Li , J. Lukasik , W. Trautmann

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum of outgoing particles, $\langle p_t \rangle$, and the magnitude of anisotropic flow, $v_n$, has recently been measured in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, as a function…

Higher order harmonic flow $v_n$ (with $n\ge4$) in heavy-ion collisions can be measured either with respect to their own plane, or with respect to a plane constructed using lower-order harmonics. By assuming that higher flow harmonics are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-18 Li Yan , Subrata Pal , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We develop a framework for event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics to study the differential elliptic flow which is measured at different centralities in Au+Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Fluctuating initial energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-22 Hannu Holopainen , Harri Niemi , Kari J. Eskola

The magnitude of anisotropic flow in a nucleus-nucleus collision is determined by the energy density field, $\rho(x,y,z)$, created right after the collision occurs. Specifically, elliptic flow, $v_2$, and triangular flow, $v_3$, are…

We use (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics with exact longitudinal boost-invariance to study the influence of collision centrality and initial energy density on the transverse flow pattern and the angular distributions of particles emitted near…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

It is shown how the initial azimuthally asymmetric flow develops from the free-streaming + sudden equilibration approximation to the early dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Consequences for the hydrodynamics and physical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-04-24 Wojciech Broniowski , Wojciech Florkowski , Mikolaj Chojnacki , Adam Kisiel

The correlation between the event mean-transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the anisotropic flow magnitude $v_n$, $\rho(v^{2}_{n},[p_{T}])$, has been argued to be sensitive to the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We use…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-09-15 Niseem Magdy , Roy A. Lacey

Hydrodynamic approaches to modeling relativistic high-energy heavy-ion collisions are based on the conservation of energy and momentum. However, the medium formed in these collisions also carries additional conserved quantities, including…

We calculate flow observables with the NeXSPheRIO ideal hydrodynamic model and make the first comparison to the complete set of mid-rapidity flow measurements made by the PHENIX collaboration in top energy Au+Au collisions. A simultaneous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-20 Fernando G. Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

A key ingredient of hydrodynamical modeling of relativistic heavy ion collisions is thermal initial conditions, an input that is the consequence of a pre-thermal dynamics which is not completely understood yet. In the paper we employ a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-01-22 V. Yu. Naboka , S. V. Akkelin , Iu. A. Karpenko , Yu. M. Sinyukov

There is a well-established relation between the spatial asymmetry in the initial stage of a heavy-ion collision and the final momentum anisotropy, which allows for a separation of effects from initial conditions vs. later evolution and has…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-06-04 Rodrigo Franco , Matthew Luzum

At Large Hadron Collider energy, the expected large multiplicities suggests the presence of collective behavior even in pp collisions. A hydrodynamical approach has been applied to estimate the expected elliptic flow measured by the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-09-28 S. K. Prasad , Victor Roy , S. Chattopadhyay , A. K. Chaudhuri

Measurements of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions provide evidence for the creation of strongly interacting matter which appears to behave as an almost ideal fluid. Anisotropic flow signals the presence of multiple interactions and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-05-28 Ante Bilandzic

Elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions results from the hydrodynamic response to the spatial anisotropy of the initial density profile. A long-standing problem in the interpretation of flow data is that uncertainties in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-02-09 Li Yan , Jean-Yves Ollitrault , Arthur M. Poskanzer

The $p_T$ dependent elliptic and triangular flow parameters of direct photons are known to be dominated by thermal radiations. The non-thermal contributions dilute the photon anisotropic flow by adding extra weight factor in the $v_n$…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-05 Rupa Chatterjee , Pingal Dasgupta

In the hydrodynamic model description of heavy ion collisions, the final-state anisotropic flow $v_n$ are linearly related to the strength of the multi-pole shape of the distribution of nucleons in the transverse plane $\varepsilon_n$,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Jiangyong Jia