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We introduce a dynamics-level approach to watermarking generative models. Rather than embedding signals into model weights or outputs, we embed the watermark directly into the learned continuous dynamics -- the velocity field of a flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shuchan Wang

Flow watermarks efficiently link packet flows in a network in order to thwart various attacks such as stepping stones. We study the problem of designing good flow watermarks. Earlier flow watermarking schemes mostly considered substitution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-17 Xun Gong , Mavis Rodrigues , Negar Kiyavash

A permutation code is a nonlinear code whose codewords are permutation of a set of symbols. We consider the use of permutation code in the deletion channel, and consider the symbol-invariant error model, meaning that the values of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Minhan Gao , Kenneth W. Shum

Simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians with gate-based quantum computers requires the selection of an encoding from fermionic operators to quantum gates, the most widely used being the Jordan-Wigner transform. Many alternative encodings…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Michael Williams de la Bastida , Thomas M. Bickley , Peter V. Coveney

We study multi-bit watermarking for data generated by stochastic processes, where a hidden message is embedded during sampling and must be decodable by an authorized detector that possesses side information unavailable to unauthorized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Zhuoer Shen , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

The state-of-the-art error correcting codes are based on large random constructions (random graphs, random permutations, ...) and are decoded by linear-time iterative algorithms. Because of these features, they are remarkable examples of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-31 Silvio Franz , Michele Leone , Andrea Montanari , Federico Ricci-Tersenghi

A new watermarking algorithm is given, it is based on the so-called chaotic iterations and on the choice of some coefficients which are deduced from the description of the carrier medium. After defining these coefficients, chaotic discrete…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-10-28 Jacques M. Bahi , Christophe Guyeux

Multi-bit watermarking has emerged as a promising solution for embedding imperceptible binary messages into Large Language Model (LLM)-generated text, enabling reliable attribution and tracing of malicious usage of LLMs. Despite recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Jiahao Xu , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Zikai Zhang

As valuable digital assets, deep neural networks necessitate robust ownership protection, positioning neural network watermarking (NNW) as a promising solution. Among various NNW approaches, weight-based methods are favored for their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuan Yao , Jin Song , Jian Jin

The rise of generative AI has enabled the production of high-fidelity synthetic tabular data across fields such as healthcare, finance, and public policy, raising growing concerns about data provenance and misuse. Watermarking offers a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yizhou Zhao , Xiang Li , Peter Song , Qi Long , Weijie Su

In the age of IoT and mobile platforms, ensuring that content stay authentic whilst avoiding overburdening limited hardware is a key problem. This study introduces hybrid Fast Wavelet Transform & Additive Quantization index Modulation…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kaushik Talathi , Aparna Santra Biswas

This paper presents the Gradient Flow (GF) decoding for LDPC codes. GF decoding, a continuous-time methodology based on gradient flow, employs a potential energy function associated with bipolar codewords of LDPC codes. The decoding process…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Tadashi Wadayama , Lantian Wei

We present MaskWM, a simple, efficient, and flexible framework for image watermarking. MaskWM has two variants: (1) MaskWM-D, which supports global watermark embedding, watermark localization, and local watermark extraction for applications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Runyi Hu , Jie Zhang , Shiqian Zhao , Nils Lukas , Jiwei Li , Qing Guo , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang

Invisible image watermarking can protect image ownership and prevent malicious misuse of visual generative models. However, existing generative watermarking methods are mainly designed for diffusion models while watermarking for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yu Tong , Zihao Pan , Shuai Yang , Kaiyang Zhou

Semantic watermarking methods enable the direct integration of watermarks into the generation process of latent diffusion models by only modifying the initial latent noise. One line of approaches building on Gaussian Shading relies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Jonas Thietke , Andreas Müller , Denis Lukovnikov , Asja Fischer , Erwin Quiring

We consider sparse superposition codes (SPARCs) over complex AWGN channels. Such codes can be efficiently decoded by an approximate message passing (AMP) decoder, whose performance can be predicted via so-called state evolution in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Haiwen Cao , Pascal O. Vontobel

Polar codes are a channel coding scheme for the next generation of wireless communications standard (5G). The belief propagation (BP) decoder allows for parallel decoding of polar codes, making it suitable for high throughput applications.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Nghia Doan , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Marco Mondelli , Warren J. Gross

Invisible image watermarking is essential for image copyright protection. Compared to RGB images, RAW format images use a higher dynamic range to capture the radiometric characteristics of the camera sensor, providing greater flexibility in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Kang Fu , Xiaohong Liu , Jun Jia , Zicheng Zhang , Yicong Peng , Jia Wang , Guangtao Zhai

Many learning tasks require us to deal with graph data which contains rich relational information among elements, leading increasing graph neural network (GNN) models to be deployed in industrial products for improving the quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiangyu Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Xinpeng Zhang

The rapid advancement of generative models has led to the synthesis of real-fake ambiguous voices. To erase the ambiguity, embedding watermarks into the frequency-domain features of synthesized voices has become a common routine. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yue Li , Weizhi Liu , Dongdong Lin , Hui Tian , Hongxia Wang