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Watermarking has emerged as a crucial technique for detecting and attributing content generated by large language models. While recent advancements have utilized watermark ensembles to enhance robustness, prevailing methods typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Jingqi Zhang , Heng Huang

This paper presents AutoMarks, an automated and transferable watermarking framework that leverages graph neural networks to reduce the watermark search overheads during the placement stage. AutoMarks's novel automated watermark search is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ruisi Zhang , Rachel Selina Rajarathnam , David Z. Pan , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking is a critical tool for model ownership verification. However, existing watermarking techniques are often designed for specific data modalities and downstream tasks, without considering the inherent architectural properties of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hengyuan Xu , Liyao Xiang , Borui Yang , Xingjun Ma , Siheng Chen , Baochun Li

Can we use machine learning to compress graph data? The absence of ordering in graphs poses a significant challenge to conventional compression algorithms, limiting their attainable gains as well as their ability to discover relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Giorgos Bouritsas , Andreas Loukas , Nikolaos Karalias , Michael M. Bronstein

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models. A challenge in the domain lies in preserving the distribution of original…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yihan Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Junfeng Guo , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

In recent years, digital watermarking techniques based on deep learning have been widely studied. To achieve both imperceptibility and robustness of image watermarks, most current methods employ convolutional neural networks to build robust…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Weitong Chen , Yuheng Li

Watermarking is a technique to help identify the source of data points, which can be used to help prevent the misuse of protected datasets. Existing methods on code watermarking, leveraging the idea from the backdoor research, embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yuan Xiao , Yuchen Chen , Shiqing Ma , Haocheng Huang , Chunrong Fang , Yanwei Chen , Weisong Sun , Yunfeng Zhu , Xiaofang Zhang , Zhenyu Chen

Protecting intellectual property (IP) of text such as articles and code is increasingly important, especially as sophisticated attacks become possible, such as paraphrasing by large language models (LLMs) or even unauthorized training of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Gregory Kang Ruey Lau , Xinyuan Niu , Hieu Dao , Jiangwei Chen , Chuan-Sheng Foo , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Previous compact representations of permutations have focused on adding a small index on top of the plain data $<\pi(1), \pi(2),...\pi(n)>$, in order to efficiently support the application of the inverse or the iterated permutation. In this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Jérémy Barbay , Gonzalo Navarro

The proliferation of open-source code and large language models (LLMs) for code generation has amplified the risks of unauthorized reuse and intellectual property infringement. Source code watermarking offers a potential solution, yet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Rui Xu , Jiawei Chen , Weizhi Liu , Zhaoxia Yin , Cong Kong , Xinpeng Zhang

The frequent exchange of multimedia information in the present era projects an increasing demand for copyright protection. In this work, we propose a novel audio zero-watermarking technology based on graph Fourier transform for enhancing…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Longting Xu , Daiyu Huang , Syed Faham Ali Zaidi , Abdul Rauf , Rohan Kumar Das

We propose a high-payload image watermarking method for textual embedding, where a semantic description of the image - which may also correspond to the input text prompt-, is embedded inside the image. In order to be able to robustly embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benedetta Tondi , Andrea Costanzo , Mauro Barni

Development of digital content has increased the necessity of copyright protection by means of watermarking. Imperceptibility and robustness are two important features of watermarking algorithms. The goal of watermarking methods is to…

The goal of this study is to develop an efficient numerical algorithm applicable to a wide range of compressible multicomponent flows. Although many highly efficient algorithms have been proposed for simulating each type of the flows, the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-10-04 Roman Frolov

Quantum computing represents a burgeoning computational paradigm that significantly advances the resolution of contemporary intricate problems across various domains, including cryptography, chemistry, and machine learning. Quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Min Yang , Xiaolong Guo , Lei Jiang

The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Mahmoud Elnajjar , A. A Zaidan , B. B Zaidan , Mohamed Elhadi M. Sharif , Hamdan. O. Alanazi

In this paper, an efficiently DWT-based watermarking technique is proposed to embed signatures in images to attest the owner identification and discourage the unauthorized copying. This paper deals with a fuzzy inference filter to choose…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2010-07-30 Ming-Shing Hsieh

Constructing and curating high-quality code datasets requires significant resources, making them valuable intellectual property. Unfortunately, these datasets currently face severe risks of unauthorized use. Although digital watermarking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haocheng Huang , Yuchen Chen , Weisong Sun , Peizhuo Lv , Yuan Xiao , Chunrong Fang , Yang Liu , Xiaofang Zhang

Nowadays, a popular method used for additive watermarking is wide spread spectrum. It consists in adding a spread signal into the host document. This signal is obtained by the sum of a set of carrier vectors, which are modulated by the bits…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2008-12-01 Gaëtan Le Guelvouit , Stéphane Pateux

Watermarking is an effective way to trace model-generated content. Current watermark methods cannot resist forgery attacks, such as a deceptive claim that the model-generated content is a response to a fabricated prompt. None of them can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Minhao Bai