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Explainable AI was born as a pathway to allow humans to explore and understand the inner working of complex systems. However, establishing what is an explanation and objectively evaluating explainability are not trivial tasks. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francesco Sovrano , Fabio Vitali

This article is a brief personal account of the past, present, and future of algorithmic randomness, emphasizing its role in inductive inference and artificial intelligence. It is written for a general audience interested in science and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Marcus Hutter

Many Artificial Intelligence tasks cannot be evaluated with a single quality criterion and some sort of weighted combination is needed to provide system rankings. A problem of weighted combination measures is that slight changes in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Enrique Amigó , Julio Gonzalo , Javier Artiles , Felisa Verdejo

Embodied intelligence posits that cognitive capabilities fundamentally emerge from - and are shaped by - an agent's real-time sensorimotor interactions with its environment. Such adaptive behavior inherently requires continuous inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Bin Liu

The lack of interpretability has hindered the large-scale adoption of AI technologies. However, the fundamental idea of interpretability, as well as how to put it into practice, remains unclear. We provide notions of interpretability based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Hangcheng Dong , Bingguo Liu , Fengdong Chen , Dong Ye , Guodong Liu

Mutual information (MI) is a fundamental measure of statistical dependence between two variables, yet accurate estimation from finite data remains notoriously difficult. No estimator is universally reliable, and common approaches fail in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-10-02 Eslam Abdelaleem , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

The standard theory of model-free reinforcement learning assumes that the environment dynamics are stationary and that agents are decoupled from their environment, such that policies are treated as being separate from the world they…

The lack of a concrete definition for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) obscures the gap between today's specialized AI and human-level cognition. This paper introduces a quantifiable framework to address this, defining AGI as matching…

Despite widespread discussion of AGI, there is no clear framework for measuring progress toward it. This ambiguity fuels subjective claims, makes it difficult to track progress, and risks hindering responsible governance. As a starting…

This work establishes a rigorous theoretical foundation for analyzing deep learning systems by leveraging Infinite Time Turing Machines (ITTMs), which extend classical computation into transfinite ordinal steps. Using ITTMs, we reinterpret…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Rukmal Weerawarana , Maxwell Braun

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is a prominent theory of consciousness that has at its centre measures that quantify the extent to which a system generates more information than the sum of its parts. While several candidate measures of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-30 Pedro A. M. Mediano , Anil K. Seth , Adam B. Barrett

An impossibility theorem demonstrates that a particular problem or set of problems cannot be solved as described in the claim. Such theorems put limits on what is possible to do concerning artificial intelligence, especially the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Mario Brcic , Roman V. Yampolskiy

The young field of AI Safety is still in the process of identifying its challenges and limitations. In this paper, we formally describe one such impossibility result, namely Unpredictability of AI. We prove that it is impossible to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Roman V. Yampolskiy

Imitation Learning is a sequential task where the learner tries to mimic an expert's action in order to achieve the best performance. Several algorithms have been proposed recently for this task. In this project, we aim at proposing a wide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-22 Alexandre Attia , Sharone Dayan

This study aims to construct an axiomatic definition of intelligence within a meta-framework that defines the method of definition, addressing intelligence as an inherently naive and polysemous concept. Initially, we formalize a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kei Itoh

In practically every industry today, artificial intelligence is one of the most effective ways for machines to assist humans. Since its inception, a large number of researchers throughout the globe have been pioneering the application of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-09 Chottiwatt Jittprasong

How smart is your kettle? How smart are things in your kitchen, your house, your neighborhood, on the internet? With the advent of Internet of Things, and the move of making devices `smart' by utilizing AI, a natural question arrises, how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-15 Neil Rubens

AI Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) has the potential to improve human decision-making beyond AI predictions alone by providing additional probabilistic information to users. The majority of past research on AI and human decision-making has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Laura R. Marusich , Jonathan Z. Bakdash , Yan Zhou , Murat Kantarcioglu

The main prospective aim of modern research related to Artificial Intelligence is the creation of technical systems that implement the idea of Strong Intelligence. According our point of view the path to the development of such systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Alexander Serov

Despite AI's impressive achievements, including recent advances in generative and large language models, there remains a significant gap in the ability of AI systems to handle uncertainty and generalize beyond their training data. AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shireen Kudukkil Manchingal , Andrew Bradley , Julian F. P. Kooij , Keivan Shariatmadar , Neil Yorke-Smith , Fabio Cuzzolin
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