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We initiate the study of quantum races, games where two or more quantum computers compete to solve a computational problem. While the problem of dueling algorithms has been studied for classical deterministic algorithms, the quantum case…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-28 Troy Lee , Maharshi Ray , Miklos Santha

In this paper, we introduce a framework of new mathematical representation of Game Theory, including static classical game and static quantum game. The idea is to find a set of base vectors in every single-player strategy space and to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jinshan Wu

Secure equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium, which provides some security to the players against deviations when a player changes his strategy to another best response strategy. The concept of secure equilibrium is specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Julie De Pril , János Flesch , Jeroen Kuipers , Gijs Schoenmakers , Koos Vrieze

This article in Urdu presents an introduction to extension of an established branch of mathematics called game theory towards the quantum domain. We describe concepts of quantum games and evolutionary stability and go through some of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-19 Azhar Iqbal , Derek Abbott

While fictitious play is guaranteed to converge to Nash equilibrium in certain game classes, such as two-player zero-sum games, it is not guaranteed to converge in non-zero-sum and multiplayer games. We show that fictitious play in fact…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Sam Ganzfried

Considering infinite-horizon, discrete-time, linear quadratic, N-player dynamic games with scalar dynamics, a graphical representation of feedback Nash equilibrium solutions is provided. This representation is utilised to derive conditions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Benita Nortmann , Mario Sassano , Thulasi Mylvaganam

Classical results of Decision Theory, and its extension to a multi-agent setting: Game Theory, operate only at the associative level of information; this is, classical decision makers only take into account probabilities of events; we go…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Mauricio Gonzalez-Soto , Luis E. Sucar , Hugo J. Escalante

This paper presents a new mathematical formalism that describes the quantization of games. The study of so-called quantum games is quite new, arising from a seminal paper of D. Meyer \cite{Meyer} published in Physics Review Letters in 1999.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-20 Steven A. Bleiler

We analyze the necessary physical conditions to model an open quantum system as a quantum game. By applying the formalism of Quantum Operations on a particular system, we use Kraus operators as quantum strategies. The physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jean Faber , Renato Portugal , Luiz Pinguelli Rosa

We study pure-strategy Nash equilibria in multi-player concurrent deterministic games, for a variety of preference relations. We provide a novel construction, called the suspect game, which transforms a multi-player concurrent game into a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Patricia Bouyer , Romain Brenguier , Nicolas Markey , Michael Ummels

Game theory provides a well-established framework for the analysis of concurrent and multi-agent systems. The basic idea is that concurrent processes (agents) can be understood as corresponding to players in a game; plays represent the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Julian Gutierrez , Paul Harrenstein , Giuseppe Perelli , Michael Wooldridge

Mean field games are limit models for symmetric $N$-player games with interaction of mean field type as $N\to\infty$. The limit relation is often understood in the sense that a solution of a mean field game allows to construct approximate…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-29 Markus Fischer

We investigate the degree of discontinuity of several solution concepts from non-cooperative game theory. While the consideration of Nash equilibria forms the core of our work, also pure and correlated equilibria are dealt with. Formally,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-10 Arno Pauly

An axiomatic characterization of Nash equilibrium is provided for games in normal form. The Nash equilibrium correspondence is shown to be fully characterized by four simple and intuitive axioms, two of which are inspired by contraction and…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-04 Michele Crescenzi

We study the convergence of Nash equilibria in a game of optimal stopping. If the associated mean field game has a unique equilibrium, any sequence of $n$-player equilibria converges to it as $n\to\infty$. However, both the finite and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-30 Marcel Nutz , Jaime San Martin , Xiaowei Tan

We consider finite $n$-person deterministic graphical games and study the existence of pure stationary Nash-equilibrium in such games. We assume that all infinite plays are equivalent and form a unique outcome, while each terminal position…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-03-25 Endre Boros , Vladimir Gurvich , Kazuhisa Makino

In several game situations, the behavior of the players may depend not only on individual interests, but also on what each player considers as the correct thing to do. This work presents a game theoretic model, aiming to describe game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Ioannis Kordonis

Computing an equilibrium in congestion games can be challenging when the number of players is large. Yet, it is a problem to be addressed in practice, for instance to forecast the state of the system and be able to control it. In this work,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Cheng Wan , Paulin Jacquot , Olivier Beaude , Nadia Oudjane

We add here another layer to the literature on nonatomic anonymous games started with the 1973 paper by Schmeidler. More specifically, we define a new notion of equilibrium which we call $\varepsilon$-estimated equilibrium and prove its…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-05-06 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Fabio Maccheroni , David Schmeidler

Several notions of game enjoy a Nash-like notion of equilibrium without guarantee of existence. There are different ways of weakening a definition of Nash-like equilibrium in order to guarantee the existence of a weakened equilibrium.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-12-11 Stéphane Le Roux