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It is well known that avalanche photodiodes operated in the Geiger mode above the breakdown voltage offer a virtually infinite sensitivity and time accuracy in the picosecond range that can be used for single photon detection. However,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-01-30 E. Vilella , O. Alonso , J. Trenado , A. Vilà , M. Vos , L. Garrido , A. Diéguez

Optical spectrometers are widely used scientific equipment with many applications involving material characterization, chemical analysis, disease diagnostics, surveillance, etc. Emerging applications in biomedical and communication fields…

In gamma ray imaging, a scintillation crystal is typically used to convert the gamma radiation into visible light. Photosensors are used to transform this light into measurable signals. Several types of photosensors are currently in use…

There are several applications which require high position resolution UV imaging. For these applications we have developed and successfully tested a new version of a 2D UV single photon imaging detector based on a microgap RPC. The main…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-11 P. Fonte , T. Francke , N. Pavlopoulos , V. Peskov , I. Rodionov

A minimalist vision system uses the smallest number of pixels needed to solve a vision task. While traditional cameras use a large grid of square pixels, a minimalist camera uses freeform pixels that can take on arbitrary shapes to increase…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jeremy Klotz , Shree K. Nayar

A new Geiger mode avalanche photodiode, the Micro Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC), was recently released by Hamamatsu. It has a high photo-detection efficiency in the 420 nm spectral region. This product can represent an elegant candidate for…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-11-09 N. D'Ascenzo , A. Eggemann , E. Garutti

Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensor is one of candidate sensors for the tracker at future hadron collider experiments. To use this sensor as a tracking detector, AC-LGAD sensor is being developed which has both timing and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-23 Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Tomoka Imamura , Ikumi Goya , Kazuhiko Hara

Quantum technologies with quantum correlated light require photodiodes with near-perfect `true' quantum efficiency, the definition of which adequately accounts for the photodiode dark noise. Future squeezed-light-enhanced gravitational wave…

We have developed and successfully used several innovative designs of detectors with solid photocathodes. The main advantage of these detectors is that rather high gains (>10E4) can be achieved in a single multiplication step. This is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Carlson , C. Iacobeaus , T. Francke , B. Lund-Jensen , L. Periale , V. Peskov , I. Rodionov

In recent years, scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) devices have been increasingly applied in X-ray detection, thanks to their attributes such as high frame rate, low dark current, high radiation tolerance and low…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-14 Yu Hsiao , Zhixing Ling , Chen Zhang , Wenxin Wang , Quan Zhou , Xinyang Wang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Weimin Yuan

Miniaturized, low-cost wavelength detectors are gaining enormous interest as we step into the new age of photonics. Incompatibility with integrated circuits or complex fabrication requirement in most of the conventionally used filters…

Black phosphorus is a layered semiconductor that is intensely researched in view of applications in optoelectronics. In this Letter, we investigate a multi-layer black phosphorus photo-detector that is capable of acquiring high-contrast…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-01-12 Michael Engel , Mathias Steiner , Phaedon Avouris

A novel concept to enhance the photo-detection efficiency (PDE) of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) has been applied and remarkable positive results can be reported. This concept uses arrays of microlenses to cover every second SiPM pixel…

The high-luminosity operation of the Tracker in the Compact Muon Solenid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment calls for the development of silicon-based sensors. This involves implementation of AC-coupling to…

As part of an experiment to measure the spectrum of photons emitted in beta-decay of the free neutron, we developed and operated a detector consisting of 12 bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals coupled to avalanche photodiodes (APDs). The…

We present the development of a single-photon detector and the connected read-out electronics. This `hybrid' detector is based on a vacuum tube, transmission photocathode, microchannel plate and a pixelated CMOS read-out anode encapsulating…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-07-06 J. A. Alozy , N. V. Biesuz , M. Campbell , V. Cavallini , A. Cotta Ramusino , M. Fiorini , M. Guarise , X. Llopart Cudie

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are crucial for advancing optical communications, promising substantial gains in data transmission speed, bandwidth, and energy efficiency compared to conventional electronics. Telecom-wavelength…

One important use of layered semiconductors such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) could be in making novel heterojunction devices leading to functionalities unachievable using conventional semiconductors. Here we demonstrate an ultrafast…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-08-13 Mohammad R. Esmaeili-Rad , Sayeef Salahuddin

3D silicon detectors are characterized by cylindrical electrodes perpendicular to the surface and penetrating into the bulk material in contrast to standard Si detectors with planar electrodes on its top and bottom. This geometry renders…

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato