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Transformations of differential equations to other equivalent equations play a central role in many routines for solving intricate equations. A class of differential equations that are particularly amenable to solution techniques based on…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-05-21 Winter Sinkala

We explore the existence of a class of generalised Laplace maps for third order partial differential operators of the form…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-02-14 Chris Athorne

Cartan's equivalence method is applied to explicitly construct invariant coframes for four branches, which are used to characterize all non-linearizable third-order ODEs with a four-dimensional Lie symmetry subalgebra under point…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Omar A. Abuloha , Marwan Aloqeili , Ahmad Y. Al-Dweik , F. M. Mahomed

Point transformations of the 3-rd order ordinary differential equations are considered. Special classes of ordinary differential equations that are invariant under the general point transformations are constructed.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vera V. Dmitrieva

Second order ordinary differential equations that possesses the constant invariant are investigated. Four basic types of these equations were found. For every type the complete list of nonequivalent equations is issued. As the exampes the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-05-28 Vera V. Kartak

This paper considers a family of finite dimensional simple Lie superalgebras of Cartan type over a field of characteristic $p>3$, the so-called special odd contact superalgebras. First, the spanning sets are determined for the Lie…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-11-19 Wende Liu , Jixia Yuan

We find the complete set of fundamental invariants for systems of ordinary differential equations of order $\ge 4$ under the group of point transformations generalizing similar results for contact invariants of a single ODE and point…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-03 Boris Doubrov , Alexandr Medvedev

We compute all third-order local invariants accessible via randomised measurements and employ them to derive separability criteria. The reconstruction of the invariants yields experimentally accessible entanglement criteria for multipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Giovanni Scala , Anindita Bera , Gniewomir Sarbicki

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and ordinary difference systems (O$\Delta$Ss) invariant under the actions of the Lie groups $\mathrm{SL}_x(2)$, $\mathrm{SL}_y(2)$ and $\mathrm{SL}_x(2)\times\mathrm{SL}_y(2)$ of projective…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Rutwig Campoamor-Stursberg , Miguel A. Rodríguez , Pavel Winternitz

In this paper we define $n$th order Hessian structures on manifolds and study them. In particular, when $n = 3$, we make a detailed study and establish a one-to-one correspondence between {\it third-order Hessian structures} and a {\it…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 R David Kumar

These are lecture notes of the Summer school on the geometry of differential equations held in Nordfjordeid, Norway in 1996. They cover geometric structures related to scalar second order ODEs, the construction of the associated Cartan…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-03 Boris Doubrov , Boris Komrakov

A novel family of integrable third order maps is presented. Each map possesses, by construction, a pair of rational invariants and a commuting map from the same class. The 3-dimensional invariant curve is parametrized, in general, by an…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 V. E. Adler

A generalization of the already studied transformations of the linear differential equation into a system of the first order equations is given. The proposed transformation gives possibility to get new forms of the N-dimensional system of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2018-04-20 M. I. Ayzatsky

Let $dx_i/dt=f_i(x_1,\cdots,x_n)$, ($i=1,\cdots,n$) be a system of $n$ first order autonomous ordinary differential equations. We use E. Cartan's equivalence method to study the invariants of this system under diffeomorphisms of the form…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-07-06 Mehdi Nadjafikhah

Here we give a complete group classification of the general case of linear systems of three second-order ordinary differential equations excluding the case of systems which are studied in the literature. This is given as the initial step in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-22 S. Suksern , S. Moyo , S. V. Meleshko

We show that every 2nd order ODE defines a 4-parameter family of projective connections on its 2-dimensional solution space. In a special case of ODEs, for which a certain point transformation invariant vanishes, we find that this family of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Ezra T Newman , Pawel Nurowski

We express the first jet bundle of curves in Euclidean space as homogeneous spaces associated to a Galilean-type group. Certain Cartan connections on a manifold with values in the Lie algebra of the Galilean group are characterized as…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-09-15 James D. E. Grant , Brad Lackey

We unearth the interconnection between various analytical methods which are widely used in the current literature to identify integrable nonlinear dynamical systems described by third-order nonlinear ordinary differentiable equations…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-08-19 R. Mohanasubha , V. K. Chandrasekar , M. Senthilvelan , M. Lakshmanan

Conformal geodesics are solutions to a system of third order of equations, which makes a Lagrangian formulation problematic. We show how enlarging the class of allowed variations leads to a variational formulation for this system with a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Maciej Dunajski , Wojciech Kryński

A characterization of the symmetry algebra of the $n$th order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with maximal symmetry and all third order linearizable ODEs is given. This is used to show that such an algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ determines…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2020-06-25 Sajid Ali , Hassan Azad , Said Waqas Shah , Fazal M. Mahomed