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Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) are closely connected with quantum physics, and the structure has a rich mathematical background. We provide equivalent criteria for extending a set of MUBs for $C^n$ by studying real points of a certain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Arindam Banerjee , Kanoy Kumar Das , Ajeet Kumar , Rakesh Kumar , Subhamoy Maitra

The basic methods of constructing the sets of mutually unbiased bases in the Hilbert space of an arbitrary finite dimension are discussed and an emerging link between them is outlined. It is shown that these methods employ a wide range of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Michel R. P. Planat , Haret Rosu , Serge Perrine , Metod Saniga

We consider the notion of unitary transformations forming bases for subspaces of $M(d,\mathbb{C})$ such that the square of Hilbert-Schmidt inner product of matrices from the differing bases is a constant. Moving from the qubit case,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-24 Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Rinie N. M. Nasir , Stefano Mancini

In order to describe the right setting to handle Zauner's conjecture on mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) (saying that in $\mathbb{C}^d$, a set of MUBs of the theoretical maximal size $d + 1$ exists only if $d$ is a prime power), we pose some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Koen Thas

In a quantum system having a finite number $N$ of orthogonal states, two orthonormal bases $\{a_i\}$ and $\{b_j\}$ are called mutually unbiased if all inner products $<a_i|b_j>$ have the same modulus $1/\sqrt{N}$. This concept appears in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Claude archer

A collection of orthonormal bases for a complex dXd Hilbert space is called mutually unbiased (MUB) if for any two vectors v and w from different bases the square of the inner product equals 1/d: |<v,w>| ^{2}=1/d. The MUB problem is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Arthur O. Pittenger , Morton H. Rubin

All complex Hadamard matrices in dimensions two to five are known. We use this fact to derive all inequivalent sets of mutually unbiased (MU) bases in low dimensions. We find a three-parameter family of triples of MU bases in dimension four…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-08-09 Stephen Brierley , Stefan Weigert , Ingemar Bengtsson

Mutually unbiased bases are an important tool in many applications of quantum information theory. We present a new algorithm for finding the mutually unbiased bases for two-qubit systems. We derive a system of four equations in the Galois…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-06 Iulia Ghiu

In this paper, we explore the concept of Mutually Unbiased Bases (MUBs) in discrete quantum systems. It is known that for dimensions $d$ that are powers of prime numbers, there exists a set of up to $d+1$ bases that form an MUB set.…

The connection between maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a prime-power dimensional Hilbert space and finite phase-space geometries is well known. In this article we classify MUBs according to their degree of covariance with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-06-23 Claudio Carmeli , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

We show that a symmetric informationally-complete positive operator-valued measure exists in a given dimension $d$ if and only if there exists a $d^2$-dimensional operator system satisfying certain order-theoretic conditions. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Travis B. Russell

Mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) have been used in several cryptographic and communications applications. There has been much speculation regarding connections between MUBs and finite geometries. Most of which has focused on a connection with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-05 Joanne L. Hall , Jan Stovicek

Unitary error bases generalize the Pauli matrices to higher dimensional systems. Two basic constructions of unitary error bases are known: An algebraic construction by Knill, which yields nice error bases, and a combinatorial construction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler

Analogous to the notion of mutually unbiased bases for Hilbert spaces, we consider mutually unbiased unitary bases (MUUB) for the space of operators, $M(d, \mathbb{C})$, acting on such Hilbert spaces. The notion of MUUB reflects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 Rinie N. M. Nasir , Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

Quantum systems with variables in ${\mathbb Z}(d)$ are considered. The properties of lines in the ${\mathbb Z}(d)\times {\mathbb Z}(d)$ phase space of these systems, are studied. Weak mutually unbiased bases in these systems are defined as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 M. Shalaby , A. Vourdas

Mutually unbiased bases which is also maximally entangled bases is called mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases (MUMEBs). We study the construction of MUMEBs in bipartite system. In detail, we construct 2(p^a-1) MUMEBs in C^d\otimes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-11 Xiaoya Cheng , Yun Shang

We study the connection between mutually unbiased bases and mutually orthogonal extraordinary supersquares, a wider class of squares which does not contain only the Latin squares. We show that there are four types of complete sets of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-24 Iulia Ghiu , Cristian Ghiu

Mutually unbiased bases plays a central role in quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. As an important class of mutually unbiased bases, mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases (MUMEBs) in bipartite systems have attracted…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Dengming Xu

An analytical method for getting new complex Hadamard matrices by using mutually unbiased bases and a nonlinear doubling formula is provided. The method is illustrated with the n=4 case that leads to a rich family of eight-dimensional…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-11-02 Petre Dita

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) are interesting for various reasons. The most attractive example of (a complete set of) MUB is the one constructed by Ivanovi\'c as well as Wootters and Fields, which is referred to as the canonical MUB.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-08 Huangjun Zhu