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We explain how event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios can constrain and falsify the statistical model of particle production in heavy ion collisions, using $K/\pi$ fluctuations as an example. We define an observable capable of…
Event-scale analysis techniques using correlation and fluctuation measures are applied to heavy-ion collision data with the goal of discovering, characterizing, and understanding deconfined quark matter. In service of these goals…
Non-statistical event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions have been proposed as a probe of the phase transition of hadronic matter to a deconfined phase of quarks and gluons, the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma. In a…
A method based on sliding window scheme is developed to search for patches in the pseudorapidity-azimuth plane, on an event-by-event basis, having unusual fluctuation in the neutral pion fraction which may arise due to the formation of…
Event-by-event particle ratio fluctuations for simulated data sets of three different models named UrQMD, AMPT, and Pythia are studied using the fluctuation variable $\nu_{dyn}$. The simulated data sets produced in $pp$ collisions at four…
Collisions of identical nuclei at finite impact parameter have an unequal number of participating nucleons from each nucleus due to fluctuations. The event-by-event fluctuations have been estimated by measuring the difference of energy in…
Collision centrality is a key parameter for studying nuclear matter properties, as it determines the initial interaction geometry and the size of the produced system. Accurate centrality determination is essential for comparing experimental…
We determine the likelihood distribution for the model parameters describing the event-by-event fluctuating proton geometry at small $x$ by performing a Bayesian analysis within the Color Glass Condensate framework. The exclusive…
Event by event fluctuations of particle multiplicities and their ratios are considered to be sensitive probes to the exotic phenomena in high energy heavy ion collisions like phase transtion or the occurence of critical point. These…
Color fluctuations in hadron-hadron collisions are responsible for the presence of inelastic diffraction and lead to distinctive differences between the Gribov picture of high energy scattering and the low energy Glauber picture. We find…
New measurements by the NA49 experiment of the centrality dependence of event-by-event fluctuations of the particle yield ratios (K$^{+}$+K$^{-}$)/($\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$), (p+$\bar{\text p}$)/($\pi^{+}+\pi^{-}$), and…
The NA61/SHINE experiment aims to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and study the properties of the onset of deconfinement by measurements of hadron production properties in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and…
We present the first measurement of fluctuations from event to event in the production of strange particles in collisions of heavy nuclei. The ratio of charged kaons to charged pions is determined for individual central Pb+Pb collisions.…
The HADES experiment investigates the reaction products of heavy-ion collisions at a few GeV, providing access to QCD matter at high net-baryon densities. A particular focus is the reconstruction of higher-order cumulant ratios of proton…
We present a determination of freeze-out conditions in heavy-ion collisions based on ratios of cu- mulants of net electric charge fluctuations obtained from lattice QCD. These ratios can reliably be calculated for a wide range of chemical…
Fluctuations in the statistical model of heavy ion collisions are studied. The role of statistics, relativity, constraints, decaying resonances and branching processes are investigated using this model. Also studied are thermodynamic…
The event-to-event fluctuations of hadron multiplicities are studied for a quark system undergoing second-order phase transition to hadrons. Emphasis is placed on the search for an observable signature that is realistic for heavy-ion…
Chaos and complex-network based study is performed to look for signature of phase transition in Pb-Pb collision data sample at 2.76TeV per nucleon pair from ALICE Collaboration. The analysis is done on the pseudorapidity values extracted…
We argue that recent data on fluctuations observed in heavy ion collisions show non-monotonic behaviour as function of number of participants (or "wounded nucleons") N_W. When interpreted in thermodynamical approach this result can be…
The event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions aims at revealing the richness of the underlying event structures and provide unique measures of dynamical fluctuations associated with QGP phase transition. The major challenge…