Related papers: Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium
The uniform electron gas and the hydrogen atom play fundamental roles in condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry. The former has an infinite number of electrons uniformly distributed over the neutralizing positively-charged…
An open question in the field of non-equilibrium statistical physics is whether there exists a unique way through which non-equilibrium systems equilibrate irrespective of how far they are away from equilibrium. To answer this question we…
Logical proofs and definitions are developed to establish (i) the energy-level spacings, \xi for each chemical element (from the periodic table of chemical elements) can be converted to the ionization energies, (ii) both \xi and the…
A century ago, the foundations of equilibrium statistical mechanics were laid. For a system in equilibrium with a thermal bath, much is understood through the Boltzmann factor, exp{-H[C]/kT}, for the probability of finding the system in any…
The orientation of the local electron spin quantization axis in momentum space is identified as the most significant physical variable in determining the states of a two-dimensional electron liquid in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit…
Consider a free electron gas in a confining potential and a magnetic field in arbitrary dimensions. If this gas is in thermal equilibrium with a reservoir at temperature $T >0$, one can study its orbital magnetic response (omitting the…
We assess the partition function and ionization degree of magnetized hydrogen atoms at thermodynamic equilibrium for a wide range of field intensities, $B\approx 10^5$-$10^{12}$~G. Evaluations include fitting formulae for an arbitrary…
There are several approximations to the exchange-correlation functional in density-functional theory that accurately predict total energy-related properties of many-electron systems, such as binding energies, bond lengths, and crystal…
We suggest to include the density of electron charge explicitly in the electron potential of density functional theory, rather than implicitly via exchange-correlation functionals. The advantages of the approach are conceptual and…
The ground state of an homogeneous electron gas is a paradigmatic state that has been used to model and predict the electronic structure of matter at equilibrium for nearly a century. For half a century, it has been successfully used to…
Gas phase C$_{70}$ molecules have been ionized with single photons of energies between 16 eV and 70 eV and the electron spectra measured with velocity map imaging in coincidence with the ions. The doubly ionized and unfragmented species was…
Entropic measures provide analytic tools to help us understand correlation in quantum systems. In our previous work, we calculated linear entropy and von Neumann entropy as entanglement measures for the ground state and lower lying excited…
A basic model for describing plasma dynamics is given by the Euler-Maxwell system, in which compressible ion and electron fluids interact with their own self-consistent electromagnetic field. In this paper we consider the "one-fluid"…
The study of electronic transitions within a molecule connected to the absorption or emission of light is a common task in the process of the design of new materials. The transitions are complex quantum mechanical processes and a detailed…
We investigate the effects of inhomogeneities on spin entanglement in many-electron systems from an ab-initio approach. The key quantity in our approach is the local spin entanglement length, which is derived from the local concurrence of…
Non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) is essentially required for astrophysical plasma diagnostics once the plasma status departs from ionization equilibrium assumptions. In this work, we perform fast NEI calculations combined with…
An analytical approach has been developed to describe grand canonical equilibrium between a three dimensional (3D) electron system and a two dimensional (2D) one, an energy of which is determined self-consistently with an electron…
The GW approximation for the electronic self-energy is an important tool for the quantitative prediction of excited states in solids, but its mathematical exploration is hampered by the fact that it must, in general, be evaluated…
In this review we consider two different models of a hydrogenic atom in a quantized electromagnetic field that treat the electron relativistically. The first one is a no-pair model in the free picture, the second one is given by the…
Entanglement between two electrons belonging to an auto-ionization system and a neighbor two-level atom produced by the dipole-dipole interaction is studied. The entanglement is quantified using the quadratic negativity of a bipartite…