Related papers: Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium
A new reference state for density functional theory, termed the independent atom ansatz, is introduced in this work. This ansatz allows for the exact representation of electron density in terms of non-interacting, atom-localized orbitals.…
Low energy ion scattering is a technique to detect the energy of ions which are scattered from a surface. For noble gas ions, it is predominantly sensitive to the topmost surface layer due to strong neutralisation processes. Depending on…
The linearization around one of its equilibrium of a system that describes the correlations between the superfluid component and the normal fluid part of a condensed Bose gas in the approximation of very low temperature and small condensate…
We consider diatomic systems in which the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated in a simple relativistic model. The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is assumed. We investigate questions of stability, deducing bounds on the number $N$ of…
The quantum mechanics of two-electron systems is reviewed, starting with the ground state of the helium atom and helium-like ions, with central charge $Z\ge 2$. For Z=1, demonstrating the stability of the negative hydrogen ion, H$^-$,…
The Wigner localization is an electron phase at low densities when the electrons are sharply localized around equilibrium positions. The simulation of the Wigner localization phenomenon requires careful treatment of the many-body…
The non-uniform (or inhomogeneous) electron gas has received much attention in many-body quantum mechanics and quantum chemistry in the early days of density functional theory, mainly as a theoretical device to construct gradient…
A detailed simple model is applied to study a high temperature hydrogen plasma ball. It is assumed that the ions and delocalized electrons are distributed randomly throughout the charged plasma ball (extra/missing charge is assumed to be…
In scenarios where electrons are confined to a flat surface, such as graphene, quantizing electrodynamics reveals intriguing insights. We find that one of Maxwell's equations manifests as part of the Hamiltonian, leading to novel…
A functional $E_{xc}[\rho(\r,\epsilon)]$ is presented, in which the exchange and correlation energy of an electron gas depends on the local density of occupied states. A simple local parametrization scheme is proposed, entirely from first…
The reaction rates of the beta processes for all particles at arbitrary degeneracy are derived, and an {\it analytic} steady state equilibrium condition $\mu_n=\mu_p+2\mu_e$ which results from the equality of electron and positron capture…
We derive self-consistent formalism for the description of multi-component partially ionized solar plasma, by means of the coupled equations for the charged and neutral components for an arbitrary number of chemical species, and the…
This paper is concerned with multidimensional Euler-Poisson equations for plasmas. The equations take the form of Euler equations for the conservation laws of the mass density and current density for charge-carriers (electrons and ions),…
We study numerically stabilization against ionization of a fully correlated two-electron model atom in an intense laser pulse. We concentrate on two frequency regimes: very high frequency, where the photon energy exceeds both, the…
The single-ionization rate coefficient of a plasma neutral depends both on the microscopic electron-impact cross section and on the macroscopic shape of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). We present a reproducible benchmark…
We present a semi-relativistic model for the description of the ionization process of atomic hydrogen by electron impact in the first Born approximation by using the Darwin wave function to describe the bound state of atomic hydrogen and…
Simple analytic formulae for energy relaxation (ER) in electron-ion systems, with quantum corrections, ion dynamics and RPA-type screening are presented. ER in the presence of bound electrons is examined in view of of recent simulations for…
We present a code for modelling the ionization conditions of optically thin astrophysical gas structures. Given the gas hydrogen density, equilibrium temperature, elemental abundances, and the ionizing spectrum, the code solves the…
Hidden singularities in correlated electron systems, which are caused by pair fluctuations of electron-electron or electron-hole bubbles obeying Bose-Einstein statistics, are clarified theoretically. The correlation function of each pair…
Chemical bonding is the stabilization of a composite molecular system caused by different interactions in and between the subsystems, among the strong kinds of bonding is covalent bonding especially important. Characteristic for covalent…