Related papers: Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium
Within the framework of nonrelativisitic quantum electrodynamics we consider a single nucleus and $N$ electrons coupled to the radiation field. Since the total momentum $P$ is conserved, the Hamiltonian $H$ admits a fiber decomposition with…
We discuss the role of the electron temperature in abundance determinations in ionized nebulae (planetary nebulae and giant HII regions). We show that, even when observations provide a direct estimate of Te, abundance determinations may…
In [arXiv:2207.03377] the first closed formula of a faithful entanglement measure applicable to realistic electron systems has been derived. In the present work, we build on this key achievement with the ultimate goal of guiding the…
We present a Ginzburg-Landau theory of inhomogeneous polyelectrolytes with a polar solvent. First, we take into account the molecular (solvation) interaction among the ions, the charged monomers, the uncharged monomers, and the solvent…
In this review we consider those processes in condensed matter that involve the irreversible flow of energy between electrons and nuclei that follows from a system being taken out of equilibrium. We survey some of the more important…
The analytic equation of state of nonideal Coulomb plasmas consisting of pointlike ions immersed in a polarizable electron background (physics/9807042) is improved, and its applicability range is considerably extended. First, the fit of the…
This paper is devoted to the homogenization (or upscaling) of a system of partial differential equations describing the non-ideal transport of a N-component electrolyte in a dilute Newtonian solvent through a rigid porous medium. Realistic…
Electron is modeled as a spherically symmetric charged perfect fluid distribution of matter. The existing model is extended assuming a matter source that is characterized by quadratic EoS in the context of general theory of relativity. For…
The interaction of partially ionized plasmas with an electromagnetic field is investigated using quantum statistical methods. A general statistical expression for the current density of a plasma in an electromagnetic field is presented and…
We review our understanding of ionized plasma and neutral gas coupling in the weakly ionized, stratified, electromagnetically-permeated regions of the Sun's chromosphere and Earth's ionosphere/thermosphere. Using representative models for…
Within the problem of the finding of the mean potential energy of the charged particle in the plasma in this work a classification of physical systems (electrolytes, dusty plasmas, plasmas) is made based on consideration, or lack thereof,…
The partition function, $U$, the number of available states in an atom or molecules, is crucial for understanding the physical state of any astrophysical system in thermodynamic equilibrium. There are surprisingly few {\em useful}…
A one parameter expression for the single ionization cross-section of atoms by electron impact is presented. Using this expression, the agreement obtained with available experimental data for 45 elements (from ionization threshold up to 200…
The solvated electron represents an elementary quantum system in a liquid environment. Electrons solvated in water have raised strong interest because of their prototypical properties, their role in radiation chemistry, and their relevance…
In a recent paper (Krishan 2021), a two-fluid description of a partially ionized plasma was presented in which electron fluid and the neutral fluid were combined appropriately into one fluid, christened as ENe fluid, and treat the ions as…
We consider the steady states of a gas between two parallel plates that is ionized by a strong electric field so as to create a plasma. There can be a cascade of electrons due both to the electrons colliding with the gas molecules and to…
The motion of an electron in an image field and a blocking electric field is considered in semiclassical approximation. An exact analytical expression is found for the density of the energy spectrum of states. The dependence of spectral…
The electron density of a molecule or material has recently received major attention as a target quantity of machine-learning models. A natural choice to construct a model that yields transferable and linear-scaling predictions is to…
In this work we present a new method of approximating the continuum wavefunctions with a discrete basis set. This method aims to be at least compatible with other well known methods of the electronic structure theory to describe processes…
The gauging of equations method, introduced in the preceding paper, is applied to the four-dimensional integral equations describing the strong interactions of three identical relativistic particles. In this way we obtain gauge invariant…