Related papers: Bertrand's paradox: a physical solution
In this paper, we will see that the proportion of d as leading digit, d $\in$ 1, 9, in data (obtained thanks to the hereunder developed model) is more likely to follow a law whose probability distribution is determined by a specific upper…
We show that the equation of motion for a rigid one-dimensional elastic body (i.e. a rod or string whose speed of sound is equal to the speed of light) in a two-dimensional spacetime is simply the wave equation. We then solve this equation…
The Monty Hall puzzle has been solved and dissected in many ways, but always using probabilistic arguments, so it is considered a probability puzzle. In this paper the puzzle is set up as an orthodox statistical problem involving an unknown…
The Sleeping Beauty problem is a probability riddle with no definite solution for more than two decades and its solution is of great interest in many fields of knowledge. There are two main competing solutions to the problem: the halfer…
We show that the chord-length distribution function $[\gamma"(r)]$ of any bounded polyhedron has an elementary algebraic form, the expression of which changes in the different subdomains of the $r$-range. In each of these, the $\gamma"(r)$…
This paper considers the problem of distinguishing between classical and quantum domains in macroscopic phenomena using tests based on probability and it presents a condition on the ratios of the outcomes being the same (Ps) to being…
The Bertrand's theorem is extended, i.e. closed orbits still may exist for other central potentials than the power law Coulomb potential and isotropic harmonic oscillator. It is shown that for the combined potential $V(r)=W(r)+b/r^2$…
In this article, we investigate the bivariate multifractal analysis of pairs of Borel probability measures. We prove that, contrarily to what happens in the univariate case, the natural extension of the Legendre spectrum does not yield an…
We prove that uniform random triangulations whose genus is proportional to their size $n$ have diameter of order $\log n$ with high probability. We also show that in such triangulations, the distances between most pairs of points differ by…
Given two vectors in Euclidean space, how unlikely is it that a random vector has a larger inner product with the shorter vector than with the longer one? When the random vector has independent, identically distributed components, we…
Simpson's Paradox is a well-known phenomenon in statistical science, where the relationship between the response variable $X$ and a certain explanatory factor of interest $A$ reverses when an additional factor $B_1$ is considered. This…
In 1924, S. Banach and A. Tarski proved an astonishing, yet rather counterintuitive paradox: given a solid ball in $\mathbb{R}^3$, it is possible to partition it into finitely many pieces and reassemble them to form two solid balls, each…
The bifurcation problem of a circular Euler-Bernoulli rod subject to a uniform radial force distribution is investigated under three distinct loading conditions: (i.) hydrostatic pressure, (ii.) centrally-directed, and (iii.) dead load.…
For more than a century, physics has known of a puzzling conflict between the T-asymmetry of thermodynamic phenomena and the T-symmetry of the underlying microphysics on which these phenomena depend. This paper provides a guide to the…
The article attempts to demonstrate the rich history of one truly remarkable problem situated at the confluence of probability theory and theory of numbers - finding the probability of co-primality of two randomly selected natural numbers.…
The problem of guessing a random string is revisited. A close relation between guessing and compression is first established. Then it is shown that if the sequence of distributions of the information spectrum satisfies the large deviation…
Let $\Cant_n$ be the $n$-th generation in the construction of the middle-half Cantor set. The Cartesian square $\K_n = \Cant_n \times \Cant_n$ consists of $4^n$ squares of side-length $4^{-n}$. The chance that a long needle thrown at random…
We theoretically demonstrate that the transport inefficiency recently found experimentally for branched-out mesoscopic networks can also be observed in a quantum ring of finite width with an attached central horizontal branch. This is done…
The clock paradox is analyzed for the case when the onward and return trips cover the same <<distance>> (as observed by the traveling twin) but at unequal velocities. In this case the stationary twin observes the distances covered by her…
That there exist two losing games that can be combined, either by random mixture or by nonrandom alternation, to form a winning game is known as Parrondo's paradox. We establish a strong law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for…