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Motivated by the success of domination games and by a variation of the coloring game called the indicated coloring game, we introduce a version of domination games called the indicated domination game. It is played on an arbitrary graph $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Boštjan Brešar , Csilla Bujtás , Vesna Iršič , Douglas F. Rall , Zsolt Tuza

Schmidt's game is a powerful tool for studying properties of certain sets which arise in Diophantine approximation theory, number theory, and dynamics. Recently, many new results have been proven using this game. In this paper we address…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Lior Fishman , Tue Ly , David S. Simmons

Richman games are zero-sum games, where in each turn players bid in order to determine who will play next [Lazarus et al.'99]. We extend the theory to impartial general-sum two player games called \emph{bidding games}, showing the existence…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Gil Kalai , Reshef Meir , Moshe Tennenholtz

The focus of this essay is a rigorous treatment of infinite games. An infinite game is defined as a play consisting of a fixed number of players whose sequence of moves is repeated, or iterated ad infinitum. Each sequence corresponds to a…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2010-01-12 Thomas Kellam Meyer

We define a two-player combinatorial game in which players take alternate turns; each turn consists on deleting a vertex of a graph, together with all the edges containing such vertex. If any vertex became isolated by a player's move then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Richard Adams , Janae Dixon , Jennifer Elder , Jamie Peabody , Oscar Vega , Karen Willis

The domatic number of a graph is the maximum number of pairwise disjoint dominating sets admitted by the graph. We introduce a game based around this graph invariant. The domatic number game is played on a graph $G$ by two players, Alice…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Bert L. Hartnell , Douglas F. Rall

A combinatorial game is a two-player game without hidden information or chance elements. One of the major approaches to analyzing games in combinatorial game theory is to break down a given game position into a disjunctive sum of multiple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Kengo Hashimoto

We study alternating good-for-games (GFG) automata, i.e., alternating automata where both conjunctive and disjunctive choices can be resolved in an online manner, without knowledge of the suffix of the input word still to be read. We show…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Udi Boker , Denis Kuperberg , Karoliina Lehtinen , Michał Skrzypczak

We investigate game-theoretic variants of cardinal invariants of the continuum. The invariants we treat are the reaping number $\mathfrak{r}$, the bounding number $\mathfrak{b}$, the dominating number $\mathfrak{d}$, and the additivity…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Jorge Antonio Cruz Chapital , Tatsuya Goto , Yusuke Hayashi

We consider zero-sum stochastic games with perfect information and finitely many states and actions. The payoff is computed by a function which associates to each infinite sequence of states and actions a real number. We prove that if the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Hugo Gimbert , Edon Kelmendi

We give an elementary inductive proof of a classical result for the \emph{Lights Out problem} on graphs: from any configuration of vertices, one can reach the complementary configuration by a sequence of moves, where a move consists of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Keivan Mirzaei

We consider the following two-player game played on a separable, infinite-dimensional Banach space X. Player S chooses a positive integer k_1 and a finite-codimensional subspace X_1 of X. Then player P chooses x_1 in the unit sphere of X_1.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-06-06 Edward Odell , Thomas Schlumprecht , András Zsák

We consider two-player games with imperfect information and the synthesis of a randomized strategy for one player that ensures the objective is satisfied almost-surely (i.e., with probability 1), regardless of the strategy of the other…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Laurent Doyen , Thomas Soullard

There are many combinatorial games in which a move can terminate the game, such as a checkmate in chess. These moves give rise to diverse situations that fall outside the scope of the classical normal play structure. To analyze these games,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-09 Urban Larsson , Richard J. Nowakowski , Carlos P. Santos

The Sprague-Grundy (SG) theory reduces the sum of impartial games to the classical game of $NIM$. We generalize the concept of sum and introduce $\cH$-combinations of impartial games for any hypergraph $\cH$. In particular, we introduce the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-12 Endre Boros , Vladimir Gurvich , Nhan Bao Ho , Kazuhisa Makino , Peter Mursic

Two players alternate moves in the following impartial combinatorial game: Given a finitely generated abelian group $A$, a move consists of picking some nonzero element $a \in A$. The game then continues with the quotient group $A/ \langle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Martin Brandenburg

We give operational meaning to wave-particle duality in terms of discrimination games. Duality arises as a constraint on the probability of winning these games. The games are played with the aid of an n-port interferometer, and involve 3…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Emilio Bagan , John Calsamiglia , Janos A. Bergou , Mark Hillery

An $n$-player game $X$ in normal form can be modeled via undirected discrete graphical models where the discrete random variables represent the players and their state spaces are the set of pure strategies. There exists an edge between the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Irem Portakal , Javier Sendra-Arranz

We introduce a natural variant of the parallel chip-firing game, called the diffusion game. Chips are initially assigned to vertices of a graph. At every step, all vertices simultaneously send one chip to each neighbour with fewer chips. As…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 C. Duffy , T. F. Lidbetter , M. E. Messinger , R. J. Nowakowski

We study variations of classical combinatorial games on two finite heaps of tokens, a.k.a. \emph{subtraction games}. Given non-negative integers $p_1,q_1, p_2,q_2$, where $p_1q_2 > q_1p_2$, $p_1>0$ and $q_2>0$, two players alternate in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-09 Urban Larsson