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Short-pulse intense lasers have the potential to model extreme astrophysical environments in laboratories. Although there are diagnostics for energetic electrons and ions resulting from laser-plasma interactions, the diagnostics to measure…
Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is an increasingly popular technique for elucidating the three-dimensional structure of proteins and other biologically significant complexes at near-atomic resolution. It is an imaging…
Femtosecond electron bunches with complex temporal structures play a crucial role in THz generation, free-electron lasers and plasma wakefield accelerators. The ultrashort electron pulse duration can be reconstructed from the coherent…
Ultrafast nanocrystallography has the potential to revolutionize biology by enabling structural elucidation of proteins for which it is possible to grow crystals with 10 or fewer unit cells on the side. The success of nanocrystallography…
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) emerges as a pivotal technology for determining the architecture of cells, viruses, and protein assemblies at near-atomic resolution. Traditional particle picking, a key step in cryo-EM, struggles with…
The diffraction patterns of crystalline materials with local order contain sharp Bragg reflections as well as highly structured diffuse scattering. The instrumental requirements, experimental parameters and data processing techniques for…
Deploying 3D single-photon Lidar imaging in real world applications faces multiple challenges including imaging in high noise environments. Several algorithms have been proposed to address these issues based on statistical or learning-based…
Three-dimensional phase contrast imaging of multiply-scattering samples in X-ray and electron microscopy is extremely challenging, due to small numerical apertures, the unavailability of wavefront shaping optics, and the highly nonlinear…
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) utilize high-density and high-energy electron bunches which are well-suited to produce Compton back-scattering radiation. Here we study back-scattered radiation pulses produced by the interaction of XFEL…
We report 3D coherent diffractive imaging of Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles with 6 nm resolution on 5-6 femtosecond timescales. We measured single-shot diffraction patterns of core-shell nanoparticles using very intense and short x-ray free…
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments have brought unique capabilities and opened new directions in research, such as creating new states of matter or directly measuring atomic motion. One such area is the ability to use finely…
Many important microscopy samples, such as liquid crystals, biological tissue, or starches, are birefringent in nature. They scatter light differently depending on the light polarization and molecular orientations. The complete…
Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) is one of the most rapidly growing modes of electron microscopy imaging. The advent of fast pixelated cameras and the associated data infrastructure have greatly…
A standardized phase retrieval algorithm is presented and applied to an industry-grade high-energy ultrashort pulsed laser to uncover its spatial phase distribution. We describe in detail how to modify the well-known algorithm in order to…
The microscopic structure of two amorphous materials with extreme nonlinear optical properties has been studied. One of these materials exhibits second harmonic generation, while another material of similar molecular structure emits…
In 3D single particle imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers, particle orientation is not recorded during measurement but is instead recovered as a necessary step in the reconstruction of a 3D image from the diffraction data. Here we use…
Microscopy is one of the most essential imaging techniques in life sciences. High-quality images are required in order to solve (potentially life-saving) biomedical research problems. Many microscopy techniques do not achieve sufficient…
We introduce a framework for recovering an image from its rotationally and translationally invariant features based on autocorrelation analysis. This work is an instance of the multi-target detection statistical model, which is mainly used…
The light we receive from distant astrophysical objects carries information about their origins and the physical mechanisms that power them. The study of these signals, however, is complicated by the fact that observations are often a…
An algorithm is developed for structure identification of amorphous carbonaceous nanomaterials with a joint x-ray and neutron diffraction data analysis, using the data on the chemical composition of the sample from other diagnostics. The…