Related papers: Stereotype bias: a simple formal model
This paper focuses on a stochastic formulation of Bayesian attitude estimation on the special orthogonal group. In particular, an exponential probability density model for random matrices, referred to as the matrix Fisher distribution is…
An untested assumption behind the crowdsourced descriptions of the images in the Flickr30K dataset (Young et al., 2014) is that they "focus only on the information that can be obtained from the image alone" (Hodosh et al., 2013, p. 859).…
We propose a novel definition of selection bias in analytic epidemiology using potential outcomes. This definition captures selection bias under both the structural approach (where conditioning on selection into the study opens a noncausal…
Reverse causality is a common causal misperception that distorts the evaluation of private actions and public policies. This paper explores the implications of this error when a decision maker acts on it and therefore affects the very…
Societal biases in the usage of words, including harmful stereotypes, are frequently learned by common word embedding methods. These biases manifest not only between a word and an explicit marker of its stereotype, but also between words…
Implicit bias is the unconscious attribution of particular qualities (or lack thereof) to a member from a particular social group (e.g., defined by gender or race). Studies on implicit bias have shown that these unconscious stereotypes can…
Unaided human decision making appears to systematically violate consistency constraints imposed by normative theories; these biases in turn appear to justify the application of formal decision-analytic models. It is argued that both claims…
Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…
Recent text-conditioned image generation models have demonstrated an exceptional capacity to produce diverse and creative imagery with high visual quality. However, when pre-trained on billion-sized datasets randomly collected from the…
In the anomaly detection setting, the native feature embedding can be a crucial source of bias. We present a technique, Feature Omission using Context in Unsupervised Settings (FOCUS) to learn a feature mapping that is invariant to changes…
Researchers in psychology characterize decision-making as a process of eliminating options. While statistical modelling typically focuses on the eventual choice, we analyze consideration sets describing, for each survey participant, all…
We study the inverse problem of deducing the dynamical characteristics (such as the potential field) of large systems from kinematic observations. We show that, for a class of steady-state systems, the solution is unique even with…
The voter model is a toy model of consensus formation based on nearest-neighbor interactions. A voter sits at each vertex in a hypercubic lattice (of dimension $d$) and is in one of two possible opinion states. The opinion state of each…
Symmetry is a fundamental concept in modern physics and other related sciences. Being such a powerful tool, almost all physical theories can be derived from symmetry, and the effectiveness of such an approach is astonishing. Since many…
Survey researchers face the problem of sensitivity bias: since people are reluctant to reveal socially undesirable or otherwise risky traits, aggregate estimates of these traits will be biased. List experiments offer a solution by…
Unveiling individuals' preferences for connecting with similar others (choice homophily) beyond the structural factors determining the pool of opportunities, is a challenging task. Here, we introduce a robust methodology for quantifying and…
The motion of pedestrian crowds (e.g. for simulation of an evacuation situation) can be modeled as a multi-body system of self driven particles with repulsive interaction. We use a few simple situations to determine the simplest allowed…
A simple mathematical model is proposed to study the effect of the average trend of a population on the opinion of each individual, when a group decision has to be made by voting. It is shown that if such effect is strong enough a…
A full Lie point symmetry analysis of rational difference equations is performed. Non-trivial symmetries are derived and exact solutions using these symmetries are obtained.
We generalize the original majority-vote model by incorporating an inertia into the microscopic dynamics of the spin flipping, where the spin-flip probability of any individual depends not only on the states of its neighbors, but also on…