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This paper investigates the emergence of wealth inequality through a minimalist kinetic exchange model that incorporates two fundamental economic features: fixed-amount transactions and hard budget constraints. In contrast to the maximum…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-12 Jihyuan Liuh

Owing to the analogies between the problem of wealth redistribution with taxation in a multi-agent society, we introduce and discuss a kinetic model describing the statistical distributions in time of the sizes of groups of biological…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-15 Giuseppe Toscani , Mattia Zanella

A simple computer simulation model of a closed market on a fixed network with free flow of goods and money is introduced. The model contains only two variables : the amount of goods and money beside the size of the system. An initially flat…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2012-09-25 Marcel Ausloos , Andrzej Pekalski

We introduce and discuss optimal control strategies for kinetic models for wealth distribution in a simple market economy, acting to minimize the variance of the wealth density among the population. Our analysis is based on a finite time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-25 Bertram Düring , Lorenzo Pareschi , Giuseppe Toscani

We present a minimal agent-based model of interacting agents characterized by their wealth to study taxation and inequality in a non-conservative economy. Wealth evolves through an extremal stochastic replacement process in which the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-05 Lautaro Giordano , Sebastian Gonçalves , José Roberto Iglesias , María Fabiana Laguna

We consider 2-player stochastic games with perfectly observed actions, and study the limit, as the discount factor goes to one, of the equilibrium payoffs set. In the usual setup where current states are observed by the players, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-12-11 Jérôme Renault , Bruno Ziliotto

We study a minimalist kinetic model for economies. A system of agents with local trading rules display emergent demand behaviour. We examine the resulting wealth distribution to look for non-thermal behaviour. We compare and contrast this…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2008-12-02 Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah , Sidiq Mohamad Khidzir

A deterministic system of interacting agents is considered as a model for economic dynamics. The dynamics of the system is described by a coupled map lattice with near neighbor interactions. The evolution of each agent results from the…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2009-11-13 J. Gonzalez-Estevez , M. G. Cosenza , R. Lopez-Ruiz , J. R. Sanchez

We consider 2-player zero-sum stochastic games where each player controls his own state variable living in a compact metric space. The terminology comes from gambling problems where the state of a player represents its wealth in a casino.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-23 Rida Laraki , Jérôme Renault

We study the distributions of money in a simple closed economic system for different types of monetary transactions. We know that for arbitrary and random sharing but locally conserving money transactions, the money distribution goes to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Anirban Chakraborti

We investigate the effect of applying nonlinear redistributive taxes to the yard-sale dynamics of assets. An amount of money is collected from each individual (tax) and distributed back equally. We consider (i) a piecewise linear tax,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-13 Hugo Lima , Allan R. Vieira , Celia Anteneodo

In this paper, we consider a simple kinetic model of economy involving both exchanges between agents and speculative trading. We show that the kinetic model admits non trivial quasi-stationary states with power law tails of Pareto type. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Stephane Cordier , Lorenzo Pareschi , Giuseppe Toscani

We investigate the detailed dynamics of gains and losses made by agents in some kinetic models of wealth exchange. The concept of a walk in an abstract gain-loss space for the agents had been introduced in an earlier work. For models in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-05-29 Sanchari Goswami , Arnab Chatterjee , Parongama Sen

In this paper we discuss some examples of systems composed of $N$ units, which exchange a conserved quantity $x$ according to some given stochastic rule, from some standard kinetic model of condensed matter physics to the kinetic exchange…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-12 Marco Patriarca , Els Heinsalu , Amrita Singh , Anirban Chakraborti

We provide an exact solution to the ideal-gas-like models studied in econophysics to understand the microscopic origin of Pareto-law. In these class of models the key ingredient necessary for having a self-organized scale-free steady-state…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-12-02 P. K. Mohanty

We propose a novel kinetic exchange model differing from previous ones in two main aspects. First, the basic dynamics is modified in order to represent economies where immediate wealth exchanges are carried out, instead of reshufflings or…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-07 Els Heinsalu , Marco Patriarca

We consider a simple model of a closed economic system where the total money is conserved and the number of economic agents is fixed. In analogy to statistical systems in equilibrium, money and the average money per economic agent are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Anirban Chakraborti , Bikas K. Chakrabarti

We introduce a simple extension of the minority game in which the market rewards contrarian (resp. trend-following) strategies when it is far from (resp. close to) efficiency. The model displays a smooth crossover from a regime where…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-10 A. De Martino , I. Giardina , M. Marsili , A. Tedeschi

Unlike the classical kinetic theory of rarefied gases, where microscopic interactions among gas molecules are described as binary collisions, the modelling of socio-economic phenomena in a multi-agent system naturally requires to consider,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-15 Giuseppe Toscani , Andrea Tosin , Mattia Zanella

We consider two-player random extensive form games where the payoffs at the leaves are independently drawn uniformly at random from a given feasible set C. We study the asymptotic distribution of the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-09 Itai Arieli , Yakov Babichenko