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Deep learning has been successfully applied to many classification problems including underwater challenges. However, a long-standing issue with deep learning is the need for large and consistently labeled datasets. Although current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Lars Schmarje , Johannes Brünger , Monty Santarossa , Simon-Martin Schröder , Rainer Kiko , Reinhard Koch

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy Lie subalgebras and intutionistic fuzzy Lie ideals of n-Lie algebras. It is a generalization of intuitionistic fuzzy Lie algebras. Then, we investigate some of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-01-20 Shadi Shaqaqha

This paper mainly focuses on (1) a generalized treatment of fuzzy sets of type $n$, where $n$ is an integer larger than or equal to $1$, with an example, mathematical discussions, and real-life interpretation of the given mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Anahita Jamshidnejad

This book introduces the mathematical foundations and techniques that lead to the development and analysis of many of the algorithms that are used in machine learning. It starts with an introductory chapter that describes notation used…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-15 Laurent Younes

This is a survey article for "Handbook of Linear Algebra", 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2014. An informal introduction to representations of quivers and finite dimensional algebras from a linear algebraist's point of view is given. The…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Roger A. Horn , Vladimir V. Sergeichuk

Preliminary version of a book on univariate real analysis, with 14 chapters and 2 appendices. 1. Real numbers; 2. Limits of real sequences; 3. Series; 4. Limits of real functions. 5. Elementary functions; 6. Continuous functions; 7.…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Martin Klazar

Systems of fuzzy relation equations and inequalities in which an unknown fuzzy relation is on the one side of the equation or inequality are linear systems. They are the most studied ones, and a vast literature on linear systems focuses on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Stefan Stanimirovic , Ivana Micic

Linear algebra's main concerns are sets of vectors, linear functions, subspaces, linear systems, matrices and concepts about those, such as whether the solution of linear system exists or is unique; a set of vectors is linearly independent…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Iago Leal de Freitas , Júlia Mota , João Paixão , Lucas Rufino

This is a preliminary version, comments and inputs are welcome. Contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Fuzzy Spaces. 3. Star Products. 4. Scalar Fields on the Fuzzy Sphere. 5. Instantons, Monopoles and Projective Modules. 6. Fuzzy Nonlinear Sigma…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. P. Balachandran , S. Kurkcuoglu , S. Vaidya

Preferential equality is an equivalence relation on fuzzy subsets of finite sets and is a generalization of classical equality of subsets. In this paper we introduce a tightened version of the preferential equality on fuzzy subsets and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Venkat Murali , Sithembele Nkonkobe

There are many fuzzy models like Fuzzy matrices, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Fuzzy relational Maps, Fuzzy Associative Memories, Bidirectional Associative memories and so on. But almost all these models can give only one sided solution like hidden…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Dr. Florentin Smarandache

We introduce the fuzzy supersphere as sequence of finite-dimensional, noncommutative $Z_{2}$-graded algebras tending in a suitable limit to a dense subalgebra of the $Z_{2}$-graded algebra of ${\cal H}^{\infty}$-functions on the $(2|…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Harald Grosse , Gert Reiter

In this paper, a linear system of equations with crisp coefficients and fuzzy right-hand sides is investigated. All possible cases pertaining to the number of variables, n, and the number of equations, m, are dealt with. A solution is…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2011-07-12 Nizami Gasilov , Afet Golayoğlu Fatullayev , Şahin Emrah Amrahov

The increasing rise in artificial intelligence has made the use of imprecise language in computer programs like ChatGPT more prominent. Fuzzy logic addresses this form of imprecise language by introducing the concept of fuzzy sets, where…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Kevin Min , Hayden Jananthan , Jeremy Kepner

This book is divided into two parts. In the first part we give an elementary introduction to computational physics consisting of 21 simulations which originated from a formal course of lectures and laboratory simulations delivered since…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-03-16 Badis Ydri

Study of soft sets was first proposed by Molodtsov in 1999 to deal with uncertainty in a non-parametric manner. The researchers did not pay attention to soft set theory at that time but now the soft set theory has been developed in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-08-26 Florentin Smarandache , Mumtaz Ali , Muhammad Shabir

This book has four chapters. In chapter one we just recall the notion of RD codes, MRD codes, circulant rank codes and constant rank codes and describe their properties. In chapter two we introduce few new classes of codes and study some of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2010-04-19 W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy , Florentin Smarandache , N. Suresh Babu , R. S. Selvaraj

In this paper we develop a fuzzy model for the description of the process of Analogical Reasoning by representing its main steps as fuzzy subsets of a set of linguistic labels characterizing the individuals' performance in each step and we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-05-01 Michael Gr. Voskoglou

74 new integer sequences are introduced in number theory, and for each of them is given a characterization, followed by open problems. each one a general question: how many primes each sequence has.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache

New notions are introduced in algebra in order to better study the congruences in number theory. For example, the <special semigroups> makes an important such contribution.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florentin Smarandache