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This paper concerns two-player alternating play combinatorial games (Conway 1976) in the normal-play convention, i.e. last move wins. Specifically, we study impartial vector subtraction games on tuples of nonnegative integers (Golomb 1966),…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-17 Urban Larsson , Indrajit Saha , Makoto Yokoo

The $(m,b)$ Maker-Breaker percolation game on $(\mathbb{Z}^2)_p$, introduced by Day and Falgas-Ravry, is played in the following way. Before the game starts, each edge of $\mathbb{Z}^2$ is removed independently with probability $1-p$. After…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Vojtěch Dvořák , Adva Mond , Victor Souza

We introduce the Maker-Breaker domination game, a two player game on a graph. At his turn, the first player, Dominator, select a vertex in order to dominate the graph while the other player, Staller, forbids a vertex to Dominator in order…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Eric Duchêne , Valentin Gledel , Aline Parreau , Gabriel Renault

In two-player games on graphs, the players move a token through a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner or payoff of the game. Such games are central in formal verification since they model the interaction between a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Guy Avni , Thomas A. Henzinger , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen

We consider two-player games played on finite colored graphs where the goal is the construction of an infinite path with one of the following frequency-related properties: (i) all colors occur with the same asymptotic frequency, (ii) there…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-06-29 Alessandro Bianco , Marco Faella , Fabio Mogavero , Aniello Murano

The slow-coloring game is played by Lister and Painter on a graph $G$. On each round, Lister marks a nonempty subset $M$ of the remaining vertices, scoring $|M|$ points. Painter then gives a color to a subset of $M$ that is independent in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-04 Gregory J. Puleo , Douglas B. West

This work contains the mathematical exploration of a few prototypical games in which central concepts from statistics and probability theory naturally emerge. The first two kinds of games are termed Fisher and Bayesian games, which are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Jozsef Konczer

Vizing's theorem guarantees that every graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using $\Delta + 1$ colors. In online settings - where edges arrive one at a time and must be colored immediately - a simple greedy algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Joakim Blikstad , Ola Svensson , Radu Vintan , David Wajc

In several standard models of dynamic programming (gambling houses, MDPs, POMDPs), we prove the existence of a very robust notion of value for the infinitely repeated problem, namely the pathwise uniform value. This solves two open…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-09-09 Xavier Venel , Bruno Ziliotto

We consider infinite-state turn-based stochastic games of two players, Box and Diamond, who aim at maximizing and minimizing the expected total reward accumulated along a run, respectively. Since the total accumulated reward is unbounded,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-09 Tomáš Brázdil , Antonín Kučera , Petr Novotný

Reachability games are two-player games played on a graph, where the objective of $\texttt{REACH}$ player is to reach the target set whereas the objective of $\texttt{SAFE}$ player is to stay away from the target set. Reachability games…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady , Mehrdad Karrabi , Maximilian Seeliger , Đorđe Žikelić

The domination game is played on a graph $G$ by two players, named Dominator and Staller. They alternatively select vertices of $G$ such that each chosen vertex enlarges the set of vertices dominated before the move on it. Dominator's goal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-23 Boštjan Brešar , Paul Dorbec , Sandi Klavžar , Gašper Košmrlj

Two-player stochastic games are games with two 2 players and a randomised entity called "nature". A natural question to ask in this framework is the existence of strategies that ensure that an event happens with probability 1 (almost-sure…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Youssouf Oualhadj , Léo Tible , Daniele Varacca

Coloring games are combinatorial games where the players alternate painting uncolored vertices of a graph one of $k > 0$ colors. Each different ruleset specifies that game's coloring constraints. This paper investigates six impartial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Gabriel Beaulieu , Kyle Burke , Eric Duchêne

Graph games are fundamental in strategic reasoning of multi-agent systems and their environments. We study a new family of graph games which combine stochastic environmental uncertainties and auction-based interactions among the agents,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Guy Avni , Martin Kurečka , Kaushik Mallik , Petr Novotný , Suman Sadhukhan

The two-colour Ramsey number $R(m,n)$ is the least natural number $p$ such that any graph of order $p$ must contain either a clique of size $m$ or an independent set of size $n$. We exhibit a method for computing upper bounds for $R(m,n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Oliver Krüger

Players are arranged on a regular lattice and coded with a specific strategy for a pre-defined game. Each player sums their payoffs from playing the game with each of their neighbors, and then adopts the strategy of the most successful…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-08-03 Stewart D. Johnson

We consider extensive form win-lose games over a complete binary-tree of depth $n$ where players act in an alternating manner. We study arguably the simplest random structure of payoffs over such games where 0/1 payoffs in the leafs are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Urban Larsson , Yakov Babichenko

In the $(a,b)$-biased Maker-Breaker domination game, two players alternately select unplayed vertices in a graph $G$ such that Dominator selects $a$ and Staller selects $b$ vertices per move. Dominator wins if the vertices he selected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-29 Boštjan Brešar , Csilla Bujtás , Pakanun Dokyeesun , Tanja Dravec

We study two positional games played on hypergraphs, whose edges may be interpreted as winning sets. Two players take turns picking a previously unpicked vertex of the hypergraph. We say a player fills an edge if that player has picked all…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Florian Galliot