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In this paper, we analyze the relationship between entropy and information in the context of the mixing process of two identical ideal gases. We will argue that entropy has a special information-based feature that is enfolded in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Afshin Shafiee , Majid Karimi

In the present work we show that the second law of thermodynamics does not generally hold if the matter and gravitational fields are nonminimally coupled. We demonstrate this result by explicitly computing the evolution of the entropy of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 R. P. L. Azevedo , P. P. Avelino

We investigate the generalized second law for two-dimensional black holes in equilibrium (Hartle-Hawking) and nonequilibrium (Unruh) with the heat bath surrounding the black holes. We obtain a simple expression for the change of total…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Jeongwon Ho

I argue here that both the first and second laws of thermodynamics, generally understood to be quintessentially physical in nature, can be equally well described as being about certain types of information without the need to invoke…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-10-02 V. J. Vieland

The nonequilibrium work relation, or Jarzynski equality, establishes a statistical relationship between a series of nonequilibrium experiments on a system subjected to thermal fluctuations and a hypothetical experiment at thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-19 Jean-Luc Garden

Thermodynamics allows the application of Statistical Mechanics to finite and even small systems. As surface effects cannot be scaled away, one has to be careful with the standard arguments of splitting a system into two or bringing two…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. H. E. Gross

The possibility of stating the second law of thermodynamics in terms of the increasing behaviour of a physical property establishes a connection between that branch of physics and the theory of algebraic inequalities. We use this connection…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-09-07 Andrés Vallejo

We provide a stochastic mathematical representation for Clausius' and Kelvin-Planck's statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of the entropy productions of a finite, compact driven Markov system and its lift. A surjective…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Yue Wang , Hong Qian

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy production in macroscopic systems is non-negative, reaching zero only at thermodynamic equilibrium. As a corollary, this implies that the state trajectory of macroscopic systems is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-30 O. Politano , Alejandro L. Garcia , F. Baras , M. Malek Mansour

Thermodynamics is the phenomenological theory of heat and work. Here we analyze to what extent quantum thermodynamic relations are immune to the underlying mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. As a main result, we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-21 Bartłomiej Gardas , Sebastian Deffner , Avadh Saxena

In classical general relativity described by Einstein-Hilbert gravity, black holes behave as thermodynamic objects. In particular, the laws of black hole mechanics can be interpreted as laws of thermodynamics. The first law of black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-05 Sayantani Bhattacharyya , Felix M. Haehl , Nilay Kundu , R. Loganayagam , Mukund Rangamani

Nonequilibrium work-Hamiltonian connection for a microstate plays a central role in diverse branches of statistical thermodynamics (fluctuation theorems, quantum thermodynamics, stochastic thermodynamics, etc.). We show that the change in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-03 P. D. Gujrati

A generalization of the Gibbs entropy postulate is proposed based on the BBGKY hierarchy as the nonequilibrium entropy for a system of N interacting particles. This entropy satisfies the basic principles of thermodynamics in the sense that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Perez-Madrid

We study the nonextensive thermodynamics for open systems. On the basis of the maximum entropy principle, the dual power-law q-distribution functions are re-deduced by using the dual particle number definitions and assuming that the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-26 Yahui Zheng , Haining Yu , Jiulin Du

Quantum dynamics controlled by a time-dependent coupling constant are studied. It is proven that an energy eigenstate expectation value of work done by the system in a quench process cannot exceed the work in the corresponding quasi-static…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-04 C. Itoi , M. Amano

In previous work, a first law of generalized entropy was derived from semiclassical gravitational dynamics around thermal setups using an assumed relation between the matter modular Hamiltonian and the gravitational stress tensor. Allowing…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-27 Hong Zhe Chen

We investigate nonequilibrium chemical reaction systems from the view point of steady state thermodynamics proposed by Oono and Paniconi [Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 130, 29 (1998)]. The concentrations of some compounds are operated by an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tatsuo Shibata

After presenting possible motives for fighting against the second law of thermodynamics, several attempts to beat this law are analyzed. The second law wins, but an interesting interpretation of it emerges. This interpretation uses the…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-30 Jorge Berger

The second law of equilibrium thermodynamics explains the direction of spontaneous processes in a system after removing internal constraints. When the system only exchanges energy with the environment as heat, the second law states that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-04-30 Robert Hołyst , Paweł Jan Żuk , Anna Maciołek , Karol Makuch , Konrad Giżyński

We consider an isolated system in an arbitrary state and provide a general formulation using first principles for an additive and non-negative statistical quantity that is shown to reproduce the equilibrium thermodynamic entropy of the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2013-04-18 P. D. Gujrati