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Using tools from representation theory, we derive expressions for the coincidence rate of partially-distinguishable particles in an interferometry experiment. Our expressions are valid for either bosons or fermions, and for any number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Dylan Spivak , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Barry C. Sanders , Hubert de Guise

In this paper, a method is developed to investigate the relativistic quantum information of anyons. Anyons are particles with intermediate statistics ranging between Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics, with a parameter $\alpha$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-07 Leili Esmaeilifar , Behrouz Mirza , Hosein Mohammadzadeh

We study the problem of particle indistinguishability for the three cases known in nature: identical classical particles, identical bosons and identical fermions. By exploiting the fact that different types of particles are associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Falk Töppel , Andrea Aiello

In two-dimensional space there are possibilities for quantum statistics continuously interpolating between the bosonic and the fermionic one. Quasi-particles obeying such statistics can be described as ordinary bosons and fermions with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Théotime Girardot , Nicolas Rougerie

I review the quantum kinematics of identical particles, which suggests new possibilities, beyond bosons and fermions, in 2+1 dimensions; and how simple flux-charge constructions embody the new possibilities, leading to both abelian and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Frank Wilczek

Quasi-set theory provides us a mathematical background for dealing with collections of indistinguishable elementary particles. In this paper, we show how to obtain the usual statistics (Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and Fermi-Dirac)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Adonai S. Sant'Anna , Alexandre M. S. Santos

In quantum theory, particles in three spatial dimensions come in two different types: bosons or fermions, which exhibit sharply contrasting behaviours due to their different exchange statistics. Could more general forms of probabilistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-05 Oscar C. O. Dahlsten , Andrew J. P. Garner , Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu , Vlatko Vedral

The statistics of $q$-oscillators, quons and to some extent, of anyons are studied and the basic differences among these objects are pointed out. In particular, the statistical distributions for different bosonic and fermionic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 M. Chaichian , R. Gonzales Felipe , C. Montonen

Fermions and bosons are fundamental realizations of exchange statistics, which governs the probability for two particles being close to each other spatially. Anyons in the fractional quantum Hall effect are an example for exchange…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Bernd Rosenow , Ivan P. Levkivskyi , Bertrand I. Halperin

I discuss theories of violations of statistics, including intermediate statistics, parastatistics, parons, and quons. I emphasize quons, which allow small violations of statistics. I analyze the quon algebra and its representations,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-17 O. W. Greenberg

We study a 2+1 dimensional theory of bosons and fermions with an omega ~ k^2 dispersion relation. The most general interactions consistent with specific symmetries impart fractional statistics to the fermions. Unlike examples involving…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-06-01 A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Shamit Kachru , Jared Kaplan , Emanuel Katz , Jay G. Wacker

The behavior of a collection of identical particles is intimately linked to the symmetries of their wavefunction under particle exchange. Topological anyons, arising as quasiparticles in low-dimensional systems, interpolate between bosons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Joe Dunlop , Álvaro Tejero , Michalis Skotiniotis , Daniel Manzano

Anyons are quasiparticles in two-dimensional systems that show statistical properties very distinct from those of bosons or fermions. While their isolated observation has not yet been achieved, here we perform a quantum simulation of anyons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-14 J. K. Pachos , W. Wieczorek , C. Schmid , N. Kiesel , R. Pohlner , H. Weinfurter

It is shown that, by allowing a transmutation between a boson and a fermion, the system with both bosons and fermions will have the statistical distribution function of an anyon.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Wung-Hong Huang

In two dimensions, the laws of physics permit existence of anyons, particles with fractional statistics which is neither Fermi nor Bose. That is, upon exchange of two such particles, the quantum state of a system acquires a phase which is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. E. Camino , Wei Zhou , V. J. Goldman

Paraparticles beyond bosons and fermions can be exchanged via either the braid group (anyons, existing up to $D=2$ space dimensions) or the permutation group; in the latter case the space dimensions are not limited. Besides being predicted,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Francesco Toppan

The similarity of the commutation relations for bosons and quasibosons (fermion pairs) suggests the possibility that all integral spin particles presently considered to be bosons could be quasibosons. The boson commutation relations for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 W. A. Perkins

We analyze social and economic systems with a hierarchical structure and show that for such systems, it is possible to construct thermostatistics, based on the intermediate Gentile statistics. We show that in social and economic…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-17 Sergey A. Rashkovskiy

Quantum systems invariant under particle exchange are either Bosons or Fermions, even though quantum theory in principle admits more general behavior under permutations. But why do we not observe such "paraparticles" in nature? The analysis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Manuel Mekonnen , Thomas D. Galley , Markus P. Mueller

Anyon colliders -- quantum Hall devices where dilute quasiparticle beams collide at a quantum point contact -- provide an interferometer-free probe of anyonic exchange phases through current cross correlations. Within a non-equilibrium…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Bernd Rosenow , Bertrand I. Halperin