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Signature of paraparticles: a minimal Gedankenexperiment

Quantum Physics 2026-04-27 v1 Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Theory Mathematical Physics math.MP

Abstract

Paraparticles beyond bosons and fermions can be exchanged via either the braid group (anyons, existing up to D=2D=2 space dimensions) or the permutation group; in the latter case the space dimensions are not limited. Besides being predicted, anyons have been experimentally detected. The situation differs for paraparticles exchanged via the permutation group ("permutation-group parastatistics").The first test to detect their theoretical signature was published in 2021 (for Z2×Z2Z_2\times Z_2-graded parafermions; it was soon followed by a second paper proving the detectability of Z2×Z2Z_2\times Z_2-graded parabosons). Later on, two further papers proved theoretical signatures of permutation-group parastatistics. These works demonstrate that, in certain situations, a long-held belief on the "conventionality of parastatistics" argument can be evaded: some measurements of permutation-group paraparticles cannot be recovered from ordinary bosons/fermions. The main question now is how to experimentally detect or engineer in the laboratory such paraparticles. For this aim a minimal setup for the theoretical test is here provided: a Gedankenexperiment (a simplified version of the two tests published in 2021) which, essentially, is a flow chart of logical operations. The key point is to present, to experimentalists, the necessary steps to be simulated/realized in the laboratory (possibly, by manipulating qudits). In this minimal setup, the detection/engineering of paraparticles is mapped into a chirality test. The mathematical setting is based on Z2×Z2Z_2\times Z_2-graded color Lie (super)algebras and derived mathematical structures.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.22178,
  title  = {Signature of paraparticles: a minimal Gedankenexperiment},
  author = {Francesco Toppan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.22178},
  year   = {2026}
}

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26 pages