English

Statistical Mechanics of Paraparticles

Statistical Mechanics 2025-09-03 v1 Strongly Correlated Electrons

Abstract

Quantum mechanics broadly classifies the particles into two categories: (1)(1) fermions and (2)(2) bosons. Fermions are half-integer spin particles, obeying Pauli's exclusion principle and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Whereas bosons are integer spin particles, not obeying Pauli's exclusion principle, and obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. However, there are two exceptions to this standard case: first, anyons, which exist in 2-dimensional systems, and secondly, paraparticles, which can exist in any dimension. Paraparticles follow their non-trivial parastatistics, obeying their generalised exclusion principle. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the foundations of paraparticle statistics established in \cite{wang2025particle}. We extend this work further and then derive an important expression for the heat capacity of paraparticles for a specific case, which would provide a handle for the experimental detection of paraparticles in appropriate systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2509.00112,
  title  = {Statistical Mechanics of Paraparticles},
  author = {Nupoor Thakur and Navinder Singh},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.00112},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

9 pages, 1 figure