Statistical Mechanics of Paraparticles
Abstract
Quantum mechanics broadly classifies the particles into two categories: fermions and bosons. Fermions are half-integer spin particles, obeying Pauli's exclusion principle and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Whereas bosons are integer spin particles, not obeying Pauli's exclusion principle, and obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. However, there are two exceptions to this standard case: first, anyons, which exist in 2-dimensional systems, and secondly, paraparticles, which can exist in any dimension. Paraparticles follow their non-trivial parastatistics, obeying their generalised exclusion principle. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the foundations of paraparticle statistics established in \cite{wang2025particle}. We extend this work further and then derive an important expression for the heat capacity of paraparticles for a specific case, which would provide a handle for the experimental detection of paraparticles in appropriate systems.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.00112,
title = {Statistical Mechanics of Paraparticles},
author = {Nupoor Thakur and Navinder Singh},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.00112},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
9 pages, 1 figure