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Distribution Function for $n \ge g$ Quantum Particles

Quantum Gases 2024-12-06 v2 Statistical Mechanics Quantum Physics

Abstract

A new quantum mechanical distribution function nI(ε)n^I(\varepsilon), is derived for the condition ngn \ge g, where in contrast to the exclusion principle ngn \le g for fermions, each energy state must be populated by at least one particle. Although the particles share many features with bosons, the anomalous behavior of nI(ε)n^I(\varepsilon) precludes Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) due to the required occupancy of the excited states, which creates a permanently pressurized background at T=0T=0, similar to the degeneracy pressure of fermions. An exhaustive classification scheme is presented for both distinguishable and indistinguishable, particles and energy levels based on Richard Stanley's twelvefold way in combinatorics.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2411.09877,
  title  = {Distribution Function for $n \ge g$ Quantum Particles},
  author = {Shimul Akhanjee},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.09877},
  year   = {2024}
}

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R2 v1 2026-06-28T20:00:39.607Z