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This paper deals with a skew-normal model of the relation between a dose $d > 0$ and a quantitative measure $E(d)$ of an effect of the administered drug. Precisely, $E(d)$ is a measure of the therapeutic response or a measure of a…
Introduction: There have been many warnings that inappropriate dichotomisation of results into positive or negative, high, or normal etc., during medical research could be very damaging. The aim of this paper is to argue that this is the…
The mechanisms underlying major aspects of the human brain remain a mystery. It is unknown how verbal episodic memory is formed and integrated with sensory episodic memory. There is no consensus on the function and nature of dreaming. Here…
We study the associations between everyday economic decision-making quality and people's emotional states. Using high-frequency, highly disaggregated consumer "scanner" data, we show that the cost of poor decision-making is substantial, on…
Emotion is often described as something people 'feel' in their bodies. Embodied emotion theorists propose that this connection is not purely linguistic; perceiving an emotion may require somatosensory and motor re-experiencing. However, it…
Weight gain is a well-established side effect of both conventional and newer anti-psychotic drugs, but the cause is not well understood. Recent studies correlate obesity with the presence or absence of particular genetic sequences in the…
Music is frequently used to establish atmosphere and to enhance/alter emotion in dramas and films. During music listening, visual imagery is a common mechanism underlying emotion induction. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging…
Understanding the affective, cognitive and behavioural processes involved in risk taking is essential for treatment and for setting environmental conditions to limit damage. Using Temporal Difference Reinforcement Learning (TDRL) we…
In experimental and observational data settings, researchers often have limited knowledge of the reasons for missing outcomes. To address this uncertainty, we propose bounds on causal effects for missing outcomes, accommodating the scenario…
PhD students report a higher prevalence of mental illness symptoms than highly educated individuals in the general population. This situation presents a serious problem for universities. Thus, the knowledge about this phenomenon is of great…
Background : depression and anxiety are common in patients with cancer, classical antidepressant has no proven efficacy on this type of distress compared to placebo. A Psilocybin (serotoninergic hallucinogen) based therapy appear to give…
Prosocial behaviors, such as helping others, are well-known to enhance human well-being. While there is a growing trend of humans helping AI agents, it remains unclear whether the well-being benefits of helping others extend to interactions…
Blood Pressure (BP) is a biological signal related to the cardiovascular system that inevitably is affected by ageing. Moreover, it is also influenced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. To evaluate how the relationship be-tween…
The physics of organic semiconductors is dominated by the effects of energetic disorder. We show that image forces reduce the electrostatic component of the total energetic disorder near an interface with a metal electrode. Typically, the…
Studying psychiatric illness has often been limited by difficulties in connecting symptoms and behavior to neurobiology. Computational psychiatry approaches promise to bridge this gap by providing formal accounts of the latent information…
Chronic stress was implicated in cancer occurrence, but a direct causal connection has not been consistently established. Machine learning and causal modeling offer opportunities to explore complex causal interactions between psychological…
Emotional Support Conversation aims at reducing the seeker's emotional distress through supportive response. Existing approaches have two limitations: (1) They ignore the emotion causes of the distress, which is important for fine-grained…
Large language models have been extensively studied for emotion recognition and moral reasoning as distinct capabilities, yet the extent to which emotions influence moral judgment remains underexplored. In this work, we develop an…
In interventional health studies, causal mediation analysis can be employed to investigate mechanisms through which the intervention affects the targeted health outcome. Identifying direct and indirect (i.e. mediated) effects from empirical…
Drug-related cues hijack attention away from alternative reinforcers in drug addiction, inducing craving and motivating drug-seeking. However, the neural correlates underlying this biased processing, its expression in the real-world, and…