Related papers: On Newton's Third Law
According to Newton's law of gravitation the force between two particles depends upon their inertial, as well as their active and passive gravitational masses. For ordinary matter all three of these are equal and positive. We consider here…
The foundations of Statistical Mechanics can be recovered almost in their entirety from the Principle of Maximum Entropy. In this work we show that its non-equilibrium generalization, the Principle of Maximum Caliber (Jaynes, 1980), when…
The Lorentz symmetry group entails physical equations whose solutions are retarded. This leads to the concept of a relativistic engine resulting from retardation of electromagnetic fields. We have shown that Newton'n third law cannot…
We derive the radiation reaction by taking into account that the acceleration of the charge is caused by the interaction with some heavy source particle. In the non relativistic case this leads, in contrast to the usual approach,…
In a previous paper \cite{MTAY1} we have shown that Newton'n third law cannot strictly hold in a distributed system of which the different parts are at a finite distance from each other. This is due to the finite speed of signal propagation…
Newton's third law is one of the most important concepts learned early in introductory mechanics courses; however, ample studies have documented a wide range of students' misconceptions and fragmented understandings of this concept that are…
In a previous paper we have shown that Newton's third law cannot strictly hold in a distributed system of which the different parts are at a finite distance from each other. This is due to the finite speed of signal propagation which cannot…
The motion of rockets is part of the study devoted to the motion of variable mass systems. Notably those in which the mass leaves permanently the considered system. Rockets are propelled forward by the reaction force produced by the hot…
In some cases, it is possible to show the conservation of energy by using equations of motion in mechanics. By considering these results, some people can think that the conservation of energy is the result of equations of motion or Newton's…
We investigate the consistency of the fundamental governing equations of motion in continuum mechanics. In the first step, we examine the governing equations for a system of particles, which can be considered as the discrete analog of the…
We develop a formulation of particle mechanics in which the functional relation between force and kinetic energy is derived directly from local conservation mechanical energy $E$, rather than postulated through Newton's second law or a…
We start by formulating geometrically the Newton's law for a classical free particle in terms of Riemannian geometry, as pattern for subsequent developments. In fact, we use this scheme for further generalisation devoted to a constrained…
Einstein regarded as one of the triumphs of his 1915 theory of gravity --- the general theory of relativity --- that it vindicated the action--reaction principle, while Newtonian mechanics as well as his 1905 special theory of relativity…
We consider conservation of momentum in AQUAL, a field-theoretic extension to Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We show that while there is a sense in which momentum is conserved, it is only if momentum is attributed to the gravitational…
The interplay between the action-reaction principle and the energy-momentum conservation law is revealed by the examples of the Maxwell-Lorentz and Yang-Mills-Wong theories, and general relativity. These two statements are shown to be…
Misinterpretations of Newton's second law for variable mass systems found in the literature are addressed. In particular, it is shown that Newton's second law in the form $\vec{F} = \dot{\vec{p}}$ is valid for variable mass systems in…
We discuss a role of a momentum vector in the description of dynamics of systems with variable mass, and show some ambiguity in expressing the 2nd Newtonian law of dynamics in terms of momentum change in time for variable-mass systems. A…
The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic (EM) field, force, energy, and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and by the Lorentz force law.…
By using perturbation theory, we show that a hydrogen atom with magnetic moment due to the orbital angular momentum of the electron has "hidden momentum" in the presence of an external electric field. This means that the atomic electronic…
In the present work, we formulate a generalization of the Noether Theorem for action-dependent Lagrangian functions. The Noether's theorem is one of the most important theorems for physics. It is well known that all conservation laws,…