Related papers: Fermat's principle with complex refractive indices…
In light refraction between two transparent media, Snell's law describes the relationship between the incident angle and refraction angle. The refractive index is usually determined from Snell's law using the minimum deviation angle through…
Fermat's principle is fully generalized to the case where a smooth interface separates two cone structures -- Lorentz-Finsler lightcones -- representing wave propagation in a potentially inhomogeneous, anisotropic, time-dependent and…
We have analytically determined the refractive index for the mechanical refraction of a relativistic particle for its all possible speeds. We have critically analysed the importance of Descartes' metaphysical theory and extended it in this…
The dynamics of an electron driven by arbitrary plane wave laser radiation is formulated as a relativistically and mathematically exact refraction process based on an exact index of refraction. This reformulation leads to that index as an…
Refraction at the interface between two materials is fundamental to the interaction of light with photonic devices and to the propagation of light through the atmosphere at large. Underpinning the traditional rules for the refraction of an…
The general reflection and refraction laws at the metasurface with the abrupt phase shift were derived by two different methods of Fermat's principle and the boundary conditions respectively. It is found that one or two critical angles for…
Light-absorbing materials are widely used, and their optical properties are an important factor. Snell's law does not hold in materials that partially absorb light. Hence, the optical path in refraction is calculated from Maxwell's law. We…
The refraction of a light ray by a homogeneous, isotropic and non-dispersive transparent material half-space in uniform rectilinear motion is investigated theoretically. The approach is an amalgamation of the original Fermat's principle and…
Mimicking the description of spinning particles in General Relativity, the Fermat Principle is extended to spinning photons. Linearization of the resulting Papapetrou-Souriau type equations yields the semiclassical model used recently to…
Fresnel laws, the quantitative information of the amount of light that is reflected from a planar interface in dependence on its angle of incidence, are at the core of ray optics. However, these formulae do not hold at curved interfaces and…
Two methods of refractometry in reflected light from optical surface of samples are considered and studied experimentally. Methods are grounded on results of Fresnel theory of concerning light reflectivity at near normal incidence and…
Light's internal reflectivity near a critical angle is very sensitive to the angle of incidence and the optical properties of the external medium near the interface. Novel applications in biology and medicine of subcritical internal…
Snell's law of light deflection between media with different indices of refraction is usually discussed in terms of the Maxwell electromagnetic wave theory. Snell's law may also be derived from a photon beam theory of light rays. This…
Previous studies on spacetime index of refraction are mostly restricted to the static spacetimes. In this study we fill this gap by introducing the refractive index for full stationary spacetimes, employing three different approaches. These…
Light propagation through a normal medium is determined not only by the real part of the refractive index but also by its imaginary part, which represents optical gain and loss. Therefore, two media with different gain and loss landscapes…
We compute the refractive indices of a photon propagating in strong magnetic fields on the basis of the analytic representation of the vacuum polarization tensor obtained in our previous paper. When the external magnetic field is strong…
The Fermat principle is advocated to be a convenient tool to analyze the light propagation in a curved space time. It is shown that in the weak deflection regime the light ray trajectories can be systematically described by applying the…
When an electromagnetic wave is obliquely incident on the interface between two homogeneous media with different refractive indices, the requirement of phase continuity across the interface generally leads to a shift in the trajectory of…
In this work is elaborated the wording of Fermat`s principle for electromagnetic waves spreading in materials with negative index of refractions (MNR). The recent experiments with such material has confirmed their main characteristics,…
We consider the reflection of light, from a stationary source, off of a uniformly moving flat mirror, and derive the relativistic reflection law using well-known properties of conic sections. The effective surface of reflection (ESR) is…