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The essay gives an overview on researches in the field of laser ion acceleration, focusing on two types of targets. There are many types of targets while they can all be divided into targets that apply single ion or multiple ions. Mixed…
Focused ion beams (FIBs) are widely used in nanofabrication for applications such as circuit repair, ultra-thin lamella preparation, strain engineering, and quantum device prototyping. Although the lateral spread of the ion beam is often…
Radiotherapy with heavy ions, in particular, 12C beams, is one of the most advanced forms of cancer treatment. Sharp dose gradients and high biological effectiveness in the target region make them an ideal tool to treat deep-seated and…
The HI 21cm global signal from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) offers critical insights into the evolution of our Universe. Yet, its detection presents significant challenges due to its extremely low…
The beam-ion interaction is a potential limitation of beam performance in electron accelerators, especially where the beam emittance is of a great concern in future ultra-low emittance light source. "Conventionally", the beam instability…
Electron microscopes have been improved to achieve ever smaller beam spots, a key parameter that determines the instrument's resolution. The techniques to measure the size of the beam, however, have not progressed to the same degree. There…
Radiotherapy is used to treat cancer patients by damaging DNA of tumor cells using ionizing radiation. Photons are the most widely used radiation type for therapy, having been put into use soon after the first discovery of X-rays in 1895.…
Important recent advances in transmission electron microscopy instrumentation and capabilities have made it indispensable for atomic-scale materials characterization. At the same time, the availability of two-dimensional materials has…
Electronic excitations and ionisations produced by electron impact are key processes in the radiation-induced damage mechanisms in materials of biological relevance, underlying important medical and technological applications, including…
A beam experiment is presented to study heterogeneous reactions relevant to plasma-surface interactions. Atom and ion beams are focused onto the sample to expose it to quantified beams of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, noble gas ions and metal…
Recently, some authors have shown that a DNA molecule produces electromagnetic signals and communicates with other DNA molecules or other molecules. In fact, a DNA acts like a receiver or transmitter of radio waves. In this paper, we…
Secondary ion beams are beams of particles produced by bombarding a production target with a primary beam of a stable nuclide (in most cases protons) or by fragmentation of heavy primary particles. These methods are used for short lived,…
We present a multi-scale simulation of early stage of DNA damages by the indirect action of hydroxyl ($^\bullet$OH) free radicals generated by electrons and protons. The computational method comprises of interfacing the Geant4-DNA Monte…
Hadrontherapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs beams of charged hadrons, protons and carbon ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal…
In a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope, source particles interact with a small volume of a sample to generate secondary electrons that are detected, pixel by pixel, to produce a micrograph. Randomness of the number of incident particles…
Ion sources produce beams for a large variety of different physical experiments, industrial processes and medical applications. In order to characterize the beam delivered by them, a list of requirements is necessary. In this chapter the…
A new approach to the development of extraction systems capable of forming ion beams with previously inaccessible intensity is proposed. The use of inhomogeneous accelerating field allows to improve the ion beam formation efficiency…
Using a helium ion hitting various metal surfaces as a model system, we describe a general quantum-kinetic approach for calculating ion-induced secondary electron emission spectra at impact energies where the emission is driven by the…
The rapid interaction of highly energetic particle beams with matter induces dynamic responses in the impacted component. If the beam pulse is sufficiently intense, extreme conditions can be reached, such as very high pressures, changes of…
Technological advancement towards the quantum era requires secure communication, quantum computation, and ultra-sensitive sensing capabilities. Layered quantum materials (LQMs) have remarkable optoelectronic and quantum properties that can…