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Modern technology for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray laser pulses provides the possibility to acquire a large number of diffraction patterns from individual biological nanoparticles, including proteins, viruses, and DNA.…
X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is a prerequisite for the characterization of (poly)-crystalline materials on micro- or nanoscopic scales. This can be achieved by utilizing a focused X-ray beam and scanning of the sample.…
Diffraction gratings with high upward diffraction efficiency and large effective length are required for chip-scale light detection and ranging. In this paper, we propose a diffraction grating based on a multilayer silicon nitride…
To overcome the limit of diffraction while achieving the superresolution technique, solid immersion lenses are the key optical elements for data storage and nanophotonics applications. Recent demonstrations have shown how different…
Optical scattering presents a major obstacle to high resolution imaging in biological tissue and other turbid media. Conventional photoacoustic imaging can partially overcome this obstacle, enabling imaging of optical absorption in the…
Very short pulses of x-ray free-electron lasers opened the way to obtain diffraction signal from single particles beyond the radiation dose limit. For 3D structure reconstruction many patterns are recorded in the object's unknown…
Hyperspectral images, which store a hundred or more spectral bands of reflectance, have become an important data source in natural and social sciences. Hyperspectral images are often generated in large quantities at a relatively coarse…
Laser speckle, the granular intensity pattern arising from random optical interference, provides a high-dimensional encoding of spectral information that can be exploited for precision metrology. Speckle-based spectrometers have advanced…
Integrated photonic chips have significant potential in telecommunications, classic computing, quantum systems, and topological photonics. Direct laser writing offers unique capability for creating three-dimensional photonic devices in an…
Hard x-ray imaging is indispensable across diverse fields owing to its high penetrability. However, the resolution of traditional x-ray imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) systems, is constrained by factors including beam…
Coded Aperture Imaging (CAI) has been proposed as an alternative collimation technique in nuclear imaging. To maximize spatial resolution small pinholes in the coded aperture mask are required. However, a high-resolution detector is needed…
The angular resolution of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes depends on the employed event reconstruction methods. By taking the weighted average of intersections of shower axes, the H.E.S.S. experiment achieves a 0.08 degree angular…
Astrometric detection and mass determination of Earth-mass exoplanets requires sub-microarcsec accuracy, which is theoretically possible with an imaging space telescope using field stars as an astrometric reference. The measurement must…
Digital holography numerically restores three-dimensional image information using optically captured diffractive waves. The required bandwidth is larger than that of hologram pixel at a closer distance in the Fresnel diffraction regime,…
To take advantage of high-resolution optics sensitive to a broad energy range, future X-ray imaging instruments will require thick detectors with small pixels. This pixel aspect ratio affects spectral response in the soft X-ray band, vital…
Interferometers are widely used in imaging technologies to achieve enhanced spatial resolution, but require that the incoming photons be indistinguishable. In previous work, we built and analyzed color erasure detectors which expand the…
This paper presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of super-resolution imaging using dielectric microparticles, employing the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method to elucidate the mechanisms that enable resolution enhancements…
Direct detection and spectroscopy of exoplanets requires high contrast imaging. For habitable exoplanets in particular, located at small angular separation from the host star, it is crucial to employ small inner working angle (IWA)…
Recently, novel imaging techniques based on the 'memory-effect' speckle-correlations have enabled diffraction-limited imaging through scattering layers and around corners. These techniques, however, are currently limited to imaging only…
Serial crystallography experiments routinely produce thousands of diffraction patterns from crystals in random orientations. To turn this stream of images into a usable dataset, each pattern must be indexed before integration and merging…