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The diffraction of light imposes a fundamental limit on the resolution of light microscopes. This limit can be circumvented by creating and exploiting independent behaviors of the sample at length scales below the diffraction limit. In…
In a color X-ray camera, spatial resolution is achieved by means of a polycapillary optic conducting X-ray photons from small regions on a sample to distinct energy dispersive pixels on a CCD matrix. At present, the resolution limit of…
The realization of X-ray telescopes with imaging capabilities in the hard (> 10 keV) X-ray band requires the adoption of optics with shallow (< 0.25 deg) grazing angles to enhance the reflectivity of reflective coatings. On the other hand,…
This article presents a method to perform diffraction tomography in a standard microscope that includes an LED array for illumination. After acquiring a sequence of intensity-only images of a thick sample, a ptychography-based…
We report a simple single-pixel imaging system with a low mean squared error in the entire terahertz frequency region (3-13 THz) that employs a thin metallic ring with a series of directly perforated random masks and a subpixel mask…
Direct imaging of exoplanets requires very high contrast levels, which are obtained using coronagraphs. But residual quasi-static aberrations create speckles in the focal plane downstream of the coronagraph which mask the planet. This…
The recently introduced Spatial Spectral Compressive Spectral Imager (SSCSI) has been proposed as an alternative to carry out spatial and spectral coding using a binary on-off coded aperture. In SSCSI, the pixel pitch size of the coded…
We demonstrate high-resolution non-iterative holographic coherent diffraction imaging with hard X-rays using a novel phase-shifting reference, fabricated by atomic layer deposition to produce nanosharp 3D structure. The method surpasses the…
Astronomers usually need the highest angular resolution possible, but the blurring effect of diffraction imposes a fundamental limit on the image quality from any single telescope. Interferometry allows light collected at widely-separated…
Using conventional refraction-based optical lens, it is challenging to achieve both high-resolution imaging and long-working-distance condition. To increase the numerical aperture of a lens, the working distance should be compensated, and…
WFIRST will conduct a coronagraphic program of characterizing the atmospheres of planets around bright nearby stars. When observed with the WFIRST Wide Field Camera, these stars will saturate the detector and produce very strong diffraction…
The diffraction limited resolution of light focused by a lens was derived in 1873 by Ernst Abbe. Later in 1952, a method to reach sub-diffraction light spots was proposed by modulating the wavefront of the focused beam. In a related…
The range of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) frequencies covers a domain which at the low end abuts half the laser frequency, omega_0 / 2, according to the simplest SRS theories, corresponding to scatter from electron densities near 1/4…
In very intense electromagnetic fields, the vacuum refractive index is expected to be modified due to nonlinear quantum electrodynamics (QED) properties. Several experimental tests using high intensity lasers have been proposed to observe…
X-ray single particle imaging (SPI) has offered the potential to visualize structures of biomolecules at near-atomic resolution. However, state-of-the-art structures at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are limited to moderate resolution,…
Off-axis X-ray holography is a lensless imaging technique that allows unambiguous retrieval of an object's exit-wave function with high fidelity. It has been used with great success to study nanoscale phenomena and spatio-temporal dynamics…
Using the 1-BM-C beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), we have performed the initial indirect x-ray imaging point-spread-function (PSF) test of a unique 88-mm diameter YAG:Ce single crystal of only 100-micron thickness. The crystal…
Underwater cameras are typically placed behind glass windows to protect them from the water. Spherical glass, a dome port, is well suited for high water pressures at great depth, allows for a large field of view, and avoids refraction if a…
The use of strongly bent crystals in spectrometers for pulses of a hard x-ray free-electron laser is explored theoretically. Diffraction is calculated in both dynamical and kinematical theories. It is shown that diffraction can be treated…
Diffusion model shows remarkable potential on sparse-view computed tomography (SVCT) reconstruction. However, when a network is trained on a limited sample space, its generalization capability may be constrained, which degrades performance…