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Extending super-resolution imaging techniques to objects hidden in strongly scattering media potentially revolutionize the technical analysis for much broader categories of samples, such as biological tissues. The main challenge is the…
We present an experimental setup to perform time-resolved convective heat transfer measurements in a turbulent channel flow with air as the working fluid. We employ a heated thin foil coupled with high-speed infrared thermography. The…
The free energetics of water density fluctuations near a surface, and the rare low-density fluctuations in particular, serve as reliable indicators of surface hydrophobicity; the easier it is to displace the interfacial waters, the more…
Using transient grating spectroscopy, we measure thermal diffusivity and surface acoustic wave speed in tungsten exposed to different fluences of deuterium plasma. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation of surface blisters…
"Spin noise spectroscopy" (SNS) is a powerful optical technique for probing electron and hole spin dynamics that is based on detecting their intrinsic and random fluctuations while in thermal equilibrium, an approach guaranteed by the…
A fundamental limit to the sensitivity of optical interferometers is imposed by Brownian thermal fluctuations of the mirrors' surfaces. This thermal noise can be reduced by using larger beams which "average out" the random fluctuations of…
Fluctuation-enhanced sensing comprises the analysis of the stochastic component of the sensor signal and the utilization of the microscopic dynamics of the interaction between the agent and the sensor. We study the relationship between the…
Thermodynamical fluctuations of temperature in mirrors of gravitational wave antennae are transformed through thermal expansion coefficient into additional noise. This source of noise, which may also be interpreted as fluctuations due to…
Several devices for substrate texture detection based on diffractive optics, for paper, textiles and non-wovens have been proposed in the past for direct inspection during the production processes. In spite of the presence of devices…
The surface errors of freeform surfaces reflect the manufacturing complexities and significantly impact the feasibility of processing designed optical systems. With multiple degrees of freedom, freeform surfaces pose challenges in surface…
Thermal fluctuations of different origin in the substrate and in the coating of optical mirrors produce phase noise in the reflected wave. This noise determines the ultimate stabilization capability of high-Q cavities used as a reference…
Thermodynamical fluctuations of temperature in mirrors may produce surface fluctuations not only through thermal expansion in mirror body but also through thermal expansion in mirror coating. We analyze the last "surface" effect which can…
Thermal fluctuations strongly modify the large length-scale elastic behavior of crosslinked membranes, giving rise to scale-dependent elastic moduli. While thermal effects in flat membranes are well understood, many natural and artificial…
Surface plasmons are usually described as surface waves with either a complex wavevector or a complex frequency. When discussing their merits in terms of field confinment or enhancement of the local density of states, controversies…
Using polarization measurements in remote sensing and optical studies allows retrieving more information. We consider relationship between the reflection coefficients of plane and rough surfaces for linearly polarized waves. Certain…
Superconducting transitions are driven by thermal fluctuations close to the transition temperature, Tc. These fluctuations are averaged out in global measurements, leaving imprints on susceptibility and resistance measurements. Here, we use…
Response functions and fluctuations measured locally in complex materials should equally well characterize mesoscopic-scale dynamics. The fluctuation-dissipation-relation (FDR), relates the two in equilibrium, a fact used regularly, for…
Normal thermal fluctuations of the cell membrane have been studied extensively using high resolution microscopy and focused light, particularly at the peripheral regions of a cell. We use a single probe particle attached non-specifically to…
Far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been rapidly developed for applications ranging from cell biology to nanomaterials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve super-resolution imaging at depth in opaque…
In second-generation, ground-based interferometric gravitational-wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO, the dominant noise at frequencies $f \sim 40$ Hz to $\sim 200$ Hz is expected to be due to thermal fluctuations in the mirrors'…