Related papers: Sociological Inequality and the Second Law
The familiar adjunction between ordered sets and completely distributive lattices can be extended to generalised metric spaces, that is, categories enriched over a quantale (a lattice of "truth values"), via an appropriate distributive law…
The equilibrium size distribution function of clusters (nanoparticles) in the system of finite number of molecules (atoms) in finite closed volume with constant total energy (isolated system) is found using methods of statistical…
In the recently introduced model of fair partitioning of friends, there is a set of agents located on the vertices of an underlying graph that indicates the friendships between the agents. The task is to partition the graph into $k$…
It is pointed out that the language of quotient groups and wrapped distributions allows an elementary discussion of Benford's Law, and adds arguments supporting wide-spread observability of this statistics.
Plasma physics give an example of physical system of particles with the long range interaction. At small velocity of particles we can consider the plasma approximately as a system of particles with the Coulomb interaction. The Coulomb…
The definition of preferences assigned to individuals is a concept that concerns many disciplines, from economics, with the search of an acceptable outcome for an ensemble of individuals, to decision making an analysis of vote systems. We…
We discuss diffusion of particles in a spatially inhomogeneous medium. From the microscopic viewpoint we consider independent particles randomly evolving on a lattice. We show that the reversibility condition has a discrete geometric…
The diffusion in two dimensions of non-interacting active particles that follow an arbitrary motility pattern is considered for analysis. Accordingly, the transport equation is generalized to take into account an arbitrary distribution of…
Deploying an algorithmically informed policy is a significant intervention in society. Prominent methods for algorithmic fairness focus on the distribution of predictions at the time of training, rather than the distribution of social goods…
We consider the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous cake between a number of players with different tastes. In this setting, it is known that fairness requirements may result in a suboptimal division from the social welfare…
We study fairness in social influence maximization, whereby one seeks to select seeds that spread a given information throughout a network, ensuring balanced outreach among different communities (e.g. demographic groups). In the literature,…
In the present letter a method to find a proper expression for the force distribution inside a granular sample in static equilibrium is proposed. The method is based in statistical mechanics and the force distribution is obtained by…
Power-law distributions occur in wide variety of physical, biological, and social phenomena. In this paper, we propose a statistical hypothesis test based on the log-likelihood ratio to assess whether two samples of discrete data are drawn…
We consider the problem of payoff division in indivisible coalitional games, where the value of the grand coalition is a natural number. This number represents a certain quantity of indivisible objects, such as parliamentary seats, kidney…
Counterfactual inference considers a hypothetical intervention in a parallel world that shares some evidence with the factual world. If the evidence specifies a conditional distribution on a manifold, counterfactuals may be analytically…
Various measures can be used to estimate bias or unfairness in a predictor. Previous work has already established that some of these measures are incompatible with each other. Here we show that, when groups differ in prevalence of the…
We present a mechanism to sort out particles of different masses in an asymmetric channel, where the entropic barriers arise naturally and control the diffusion of these particles. When particles are subjected to an oscillatory force, with…
The quantum decision theory is examined in its simplest form of two-condition two-choice setting. A set of inequalities to be satisfied by any quantum conditional probability describing the decision process is derived. Experimental data…
In this paper, we will see that the proportion of d as leading digit, d $\in$ 1, 9, in data (obtained thanks to the hereunder developed model) is more likely to follow a law whose probability distribution is determined by a specific upper…
Current methodologies in machine learning analyze the effects of various statistical parity notions of fairness primarily in light of their impacts on predictive accuracy and vendor utility loss. In this paper, we propose a new framework…