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For one-dimensional diffusions on the half-line, we study a specific type of conditioning to avoid zero. We introduce supermartingales defined via concave functions with respect to the scale function. A conditioning is formulated through…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Kosuke Yamato

Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Erik D. Demaine , Robert A. Hearn

We give another proof of ordinal analysis of $I\Sigma_{k}$-fragments of Peano Arithmetic which is free from cut-elimination of $\omega$-logic. Our main tool is a direct witnessing argument utilizing game notion, motivated from the realm of…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Eitetsu Ken

We survey recent developments in the theory of impartial combinatorial games in misere play, focusing on how the Sprague-Grundy theory of normal-play impartial games generalizes to misere play via the indistinguishability quotient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thane E. Plambeck

We begin by reviewing and proving the basic facts of combinatorial game theory. We then consider scoring games (also known as Milnor games or positional games), focusing on the "fixed-length" games for which all sequences of play terminate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-07-27 Will Johnson

We describe a statistical test for association of two autocorrelated time series, one of which generated randomly at each time point from a known but possibly history-dependent distribution. The null hypothesis is that at each time point,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Kenneth D. Harris

Probability forecasts of events are routinely used in climate predictions, in forecasting default probabilities on bank loans or in estimating the probability of a patient's positive response to treatment. Scoring rules have long been used…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-24 Tze Leung Lai , Shulamith T. Gross , David Bo Shen

We encode arbitrary finite impartial combinatorial games in terms of lattice points in rational convex polyhedra. Encodings provided by these \emph{lattice games} can be made particularly efficient for octal games, which we generalize to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-08-25 Alan Guo , Ezra Miller

This paper investigates first-order game logic and first-order modal mu-calculus, which extend their propositional modal logic counterparts with first-order modalities of interpreted effects such as variable assignments. Unlike in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Noah Abou El Wafa , André Platzer

We study two-player zero-sum recursive games with a countable state space and finite action spaces at each state. When the family of $n$-stage values $\{v_n,n\geq 1\}$ is totally bounded for the uniform norm, we prove the existence of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Xiaoxi Li , Xavier Venel

In a zero-sum stochastic game with signals, at each stage, two adversary players take decisions and receive a stage payoff determined by these decisions and a variable called state. The state follows a Markov chain, that is controlled by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Bruno Ziliotto

We discuss the extent to which game semantics is implicit in the formalism of linear logic and in the intuitions underlying linear logic.

Logic · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Andreas Blass

Game Logic is an excellent setting to study proofs-about-programs via the interpretation of those proofs as programs, because constructive proofs for games correspond to effective winning strategies to follow in response to the opponent's…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Rose Bohrer , André Platzer

Quantitative measures of randomness in games are useful for game design and have implications for gambling law. We treat the outcome of a game as a random variable and derive a closed-form expression and estimator for the variance in the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2020-09-11 Alex Cloud , Eric Laber

The zero forcing number was introduced as a combinatorial bound on the maximum nullity taken over the set of real symmetric matrices that respect the pattern of an underlying graph. The $Z_q$-forcing game is an analog to the standard zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Jorge Blanco , Stephanie Einstein , Caleb Hostetler , Jurgen Kritschgau , Daniel Ogbe

Matching games is a one-to-one two sided market model introduced by Garrido-Lucero and Laraki, in which coupled agents' utilities are endogenously determined as the outcome of a strategic game. They refine the classical pairwise stability…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Felipe Garrido-Lucero , Rida Laraki

Game-theoretic upper expectations are joint (global) probability models that mathematically describe the behaviour of uncertain processes in terms of supermartingales; capital processes corresponding to available betting strategies.…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-14 Natan T'Joens , Jasper De Bock , Gert de Cooman

We announce misere-play solutions to several previously-unsolved combinatorial games. The solutions are described in terms of misere quotients--commutative monoids that encode the additive structure of specific misere-play games. We also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-30 Thane E. Plambeck , Aaron N. Siegel

We offer a new proof of the classical law of large numbers for a general class of branching Markov processes based on the asymptotic behaviour of the moments developed in \cite{bmoments, gonzalez2022erratum}. Moreover, we show that the law…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Christopher B. C. Dean , János Engländer , Emma Horton

Explaining why aggregated measures change is a critical challenge in data analytics that existing systems struggle to address. While current attribution methods exist, they lack a unified solution that is simultaneously general for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Changsheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Zhitao Shen , wei jiang , Yong Li , Peng Di