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Related papers: Heavy-Tailed Distribution of Cyber-Risks

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The lack of high-quality public cyber incident data limits empirical research and predictive modeling for cyber risk assessment. This challenge persists due to the reluctance of companies to disclose incidents that could damage their…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-20 Jiayi Guo , Zhiyu Quan , Linfeng Zhang

We identify robust statistical patterns in the frequency and severity of violent attacks by terrorist organizations as they grow and age. Using group-level static and dynamic analyses of terrorist events worldwide from 1968-2008 and a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-11-26 Aaron Clauset , Kristian Skrede Gleditsch

Ratio statistics--such as relative risk and odds ratios--play a central role in hypothesis testing, model evaluation, and decision-making across many areas of machine learning, including causal inference and fairness analysis. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-28 Tomer Shoham , Katrina Ligettt

We present a new model for reasoning about the way information is shared among friends in a social network, and the resulting ways in which it spreads. Our model formalizes the intuition that revealing personal information in social…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-03 Jon Kleinberg , Katrina Ligett

Many recent proposals for anonymous communication omit from their security analyses a consideration of the effects of time on important system components. In practice, many components of anonymity systems, such as the client location and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Ryan Wails , Yixin Sun , Aaron Johnson , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

In the last years, researchers have realized the difficulties of fitting power-law distributions properly. These difficulties are higher in Zipf's systems, due to the discreteness of the variables and to the existence of two representations…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-11-29 Alvaro Corral , Isabel Serra , Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

It appeared recently that the underlying degree distribution of networks may play a crucial role concerning their robustness. Empiric and analytic results have been obtained, based on asymptotic and mean-field approximations. Previous work…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-24 Clemence Magnien , Matthieu Latapy , Jean-Loup Guillaume

Government statistical agencies collect enormously valuable data on the nation's population and business activities. Wide access to these data enables evidence-based policy making, supports new research that improves society, facilitates…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-01-04 John Abowd , Lorenzo Alvisi , Cynthia Dwork , Sampath Kannan , Ashwin Machanavajjhala , Jerome Reiter

Information spread on networks can be efficiently modeled by considering three features: documents' content, time of publication relative to other publications, and position of the spreader in the network. Most previous works model up to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Gaël Poux-Médard , Julien Velcin , Sabine Loudcher

Major transformations related to information technologies affect InformationSystems (IS) that support the business processes of organizations and their actors. Deployment in a complex environment involving sensitive, massive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Florence Sèdes

We propose a model for stochastic formation of opinion clusters, modelled by an evolving network, and herd behaviour to account for the observed fat-tail distribution in returns of financial-price data. The only parameter of the model is h,…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Victor M. Eguiluz , Martin G. Zimmermann

The exchange of personal information in digital environments poses significant risks, including identity theft, privacy breaches, and data misuse. Addressing these challenges requires a deep understanding of user behavior and mental models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Reza Shahriari , Eric D. Ragan

The emergence of online social networks and the growing popularity of digital communication has resulted in an increasingly amount of information about individuals available on the Internet. Social network users are given the freedom to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Anna Squicciarini , Christopher Griffin

In contemporary digital markets, personal data often reveals not just isolated traits, but complex, intersectional identities based on combinations of race, gender, disability, and other protected characteristics. This exposure generates a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

Most previous analysis of Twitter user behavior is focused on individual information cascades and the social followers graph. We instead study aggregate user behavior and the retweet graph with a focus on quantitative descriptions. We find…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-02-17 David R. Bild , Yue Liu , Robert P. Dick , Z. Morley Mao , Dan S. Wallach

Consensus about the universality of the power law feature in complex networks is experiencing profound challenges. To shine fresh light on this controversy, we propose a generic theoretical framework in order to examine the power law…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-05-24 Xiaojun Zhang , Zheng He , Liwei Zhang , Lez Rayman-Bacchus , Yue Xiao , Shuhui Shen

Information diffusion on social networks has been described as a collective outcome of threshold behaviors in the framework of threshold models. However, since the existing models do not take into account individuals' optimization problem,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-08 Teruyoshi Kobayashi

Exploring the internal mechanism of information spreading is critical for understanding and controlling the process. Traditional spreading models often assume individuals play the same role in the spreading process. In reality, however,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Chang Su , Fang Zhou , Linyuan Lü

The use of expectiles in risk management has recently gathered remarkable momentum due to their excellent axiomatic and probabilistic properties. In particular, the class of elicitable law-invariant coherent risk measures only consists of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Abdelaati Daouia , Simone A. Padoan , Gilles Stupfler

Leaks from password datasets are a regular occurrence. An organization may defend a leak with reassurances that just a small subset of passwords were taken. In this paper we show that the leak of a relatively small number of text-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Hazel Murray , David Malone