Related papers: Three phases in the evolution of the standard gene…
We explain the multiple populations recently found in the 'prototype' Globular Cluster (GC) NGC 2808 in the framework of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) scenario. The chemistry of the five -or more- populations is approximately consistent…
Genomes evolve as modules. In prokaryotes (and some eukaryotes), genetic material can be transferred between species and integrated into the genome via homologous or illegitimate recombination. There is little reason to imagine that the…
A three-dimensional model of the genetic vocabulary is proposed in terms of determinative degree, an introduced characteristic of nucleotide, which reflects absolute difference between purin and pyrimidin bases in one DNA strand. In the…
Spatial fluctuations of guanine and cytosine base content (GC%) are studied by spectral analysis for the complete set of human genomic DNA sequences. We find that (i) the 1/f^alpha decay is universally observed in the power spectra of all…
Animal mitochondrial genomes usually have two transfer RNAs for Leucine: one, with anticodon UAG, translates the four-codon family CUN, whilst the other, with anticodon UAA, translates the two-codon family UUR. These two genes must differ…
The formalism of the simple model of galactic chemical evolution (GCE) and its main ingredients (stellar properties, initial mass function, star formation rate and gas flows) are presented in this tutorial. It is stressed that GCE is not…
Motivated by a desire to improve on the current state of the art in genetic programming, and aided by recent progress in understanding the computational aspects of evolutionary systems, we describe a process that creates a set of generic…
The natural evolution of life seems to proceed through steps characterized by phases of relatively rapid changes, followed by longer, more stable periods. In the light of the string-theory derived physical scenario proposed in [1], we…
Expanding genetic codes from natural standard nucleotides to artificial non-standard nucleotides marks a significant advancement in synthetic biology, with profound implications for biotechnology and medicine. Decoding the biological…
Living organisms are the most complex, interesting and significant objects regarding all substructures of the universe. Life science is regarded as a science of the 21st century and one can expect great new discoveries in the near futures.…
Genetic Programming is an evolutionary algorithm that generates computer programs, or mathematical expressions, to solve complex problems. In this Guide, we demonstrate how to use Genetic Programming to develop surrogate models to mitigate…
Gene expression is a cellular process that plays a fundamental role in human phenotypical variations and diseases. Despite advances of deep learning models for gene expression prediction, recent benchmarks have revealed their inability to…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have gained a significant attraction in the recent years due to their increasing real-world applications. Their performance is highly dependent to the network structure and the selected optimization…
Program classification can be regarded as a high-level abstraction of code, laying a foundation for various tasks related to source code comprehension, and has a very wide range of applications in the field of software engineering, such as…
The genetic blueprint for the essential functions of life is encoded in DNA, which is translated into proteins -- the engines driving most of our metabolic processes. Recent advancements in genome sequencing have unveiled a vast diversity…
Computational imaging systems -- from coded-aperture cameras to cryo-electron microscopes -- span five carrier families yet share a hidden structural simplicity. We prove that every imaging forward model decomposes into a directed acyclic…
The current theory of evolution is almost the one Darwin and Wallace proposed two centuries ago and the following discoveries e.g., Mendelian genetics and neutral mutation theory have not made significant modifications. The current…
Proteins are the essential drivers of biological processes. At the molecular level, they are chains of amino acids that can be viewed through a linguistic lens where the twenty standard residues serve as an alphabet combining to form a…
The present article is the first of a series whose goal is to define a logical formalism in which it is possible to reason about genetics. In this paper, we introduce the main concepts of our language whose domain of discourse consists of a…
We develop genetic algorithms for searching quantum circuits, in particular stabilizer quantum error correction codes. Quantum codes equivalent to notable examples such as the 5-qubit perfect code, Shor's code, and the 7-qubit color code…