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The widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) has been used as a model selection criterion for Bayesian statistics in recent years. It is an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between a Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-09 Yoshiyuki Ninomiya

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence…

The kernel estimator is known not to be adequate for estimating the density of a positive random variable X. The main reason is the well-known boundary bias problems that it suffers from, but also its poor behaviour in the long right tail…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-02-17 Gery Geenens , Craig Wang

A nonparametric kernel-based method for realizing Bayes' rule is proposed, based on representations of probabilities in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Probabilities are uniquely characterized by the mean of the canonical map to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-09-29 Kenji Fukumizu , Le Song , Arthur Gretton

Wide conditions are provided to guarantee asymptotic unbiasedness and L^2-consistency of the introduced estimates of the Kullback-Leibler divergence for probability measures in R^d having densities w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure. These…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Alexander Bulinski , Denis Dimitrov

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are commonly used to analyze correlated discrete or continuous response data. In Bayesian GLMMs, the often-used improper priors may yield undesirable improper posterior distributions. Thus, verifying…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-17 Yalin Rao , Vivekananda Roy

Mixture models are commonly used in applications with heterogeneity and overdispersion in the population, as they allow the identification of subpopulations. In the Bayesian framework, this entails the specification of suitable prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Andrea Cremaschi , Timothy M. Wertz , Maria De Iorio

We exploit the multiplicative structure of P\'olya Tree priors to establish novel consistency results on $p$-dimensional trees, conditions to obtain Kullback-Leibler minimax contraction rates for univariate density estimation and a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Fernando Corrêa , Rafael Bassi Stern , Julio Michael Stern

We extend several recent results providing symmetry-based guarantees for variational inference (VI) with location-scale families. VI approximates a target density $p$ by the best match $q^*$ in a family $Q$ of tractable distributions that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-11 Charles C. Margossian , Lawrence K. Saul

In this technical report, we consider conditional density estimation with a maximum likelihood approach. Under weak assumptions, we obtain a theoretical bound for a Kullback-Leibler type loss for a single model maximum likelihood estimate.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-11 Serge Cohen , Erwan Le Pennec

In this work we introduce a family of transformations, named \textit{divergence transformations}, interpolating between any pair of probability density functions sharing the same support. We prove the remarkable property that the whole…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Razvan Gabriel Iagar , David Puertas-Centeno , Elio V. Toranzo

The elicitation of power priors, based on the availability of historical data, is realized by raising the likelihood function of the historical data to a fractional power {\delta}, which quantifies the degree of discounting of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-13 Keying Ye , Zifei Han , Yuyan Duan , Tianyu Bai

The application of Bayesian inference for the purpose of model selection is very popular nowadays. In this framework, models are compared through their marginal likelihoods, or their quotients, called Bayes factors. However, marginal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-27 F. Llorente , L. Martino , E. Curbelo , J. Lopez-Santiago , D. Delgado

The consistency of posterior distributions in density estimation is at the core of Bayesian statistical theory. Classical work established sufficient conditions, typically combining KL support with complexity bounds on sieves of high prior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Nicola Bariletto , Stephen G. Walker

We consider the problem of predictive density estimation under Kullback-Leibler loss in a high-dimensional Gaussian model with exact sparsity constraints on the location parameters. We study the first order asymptotic minimax risk of Bayes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-24 Ujan Gangopadhyay , Gourab Mukherjee

We consider the fractional posterior distribution that is obtained by updating a prior distribution via Bayes theorem with a fractional likelihood function, a usual likelihood function raised to a fractional power. First, we analyze the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati , Yun Yang

Kernel methods are popular in clustering due to their generality and discriminating power. However, we show that many kernel clustering criteria have density biases theoretically explaining some practically significant artifacts empirically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-11 Dmitrii Marin , Meng Tang , Ismail Ben Ayed , Yuri Boykov

We consider Bayesian shrinkage predictions for the Normal regression problem under the frequentist Kullback-Leibler risk function. Firstly, we consider the multivariate Normal model with an unknown mean and a known covariance. While the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Kei Kobayashi , Fumiyasu Komaki

Based on independently distributed $X_1 \sim N_p(\theta_1, \sigma^2_1 I_p)$ and $X_2 \sim N_p(\theta_2, \sigma^2_2 I_p)$, we consider the efficiency of various predictive density estimators for $Y_1 \sim N_p(\theta_1, \sigma^2_Y I_p)$, with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-25 Éric Marchand , Abdolnasser Sadeghkhani

Nonparametric kernel density estimation is a very natural procedure which simply makes use of the smoothing power of the convolution operation. Yet, it performs poorly when the density of a positive variable is to be estimated (boundary…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-17 Gery Geenens