Related papers: Why the Standard Model
To address five fundamental shortcomings of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and cosmology, we propose a SMART U(1)$_X$ model which is a $U(1)_X \times U(1)_{PQ}$ extension of the SM. The $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry is a…
In this short note we describe the symmetry responsible for absolute, nonperturbative proton stability in the Standard Model. The SM with $N_c$ colors and ${N_g}$ generations has an exact, anomaly-free, generation-independent, global…
After we study the 6-dimensional ${\cal N} = (1, 1)$ supersymmetry breaking and $R$ symmetry breaking on $M^4\times T^2/Z_n$, we construct two ${\cal N} = (1, 1)$ supersymmetric $E_6$ models on $M^4\times T^2/Z_3$ where $E_6$ is broken down…
We investigate gauge-Higgs unification models in eight-dimensional spacetime where extra-dimensional space has the structure of a four-dimensional compact coset space. The combinations of the coset space and the gauge group in the…
It is generally assumed that quantum field theory (QFT) is gauge invariant. However it is well known that non-gauge invariant terms appear in various calculations. This problem was examined in Refs. [3] and [4] and it was shown that at the…
Given a quantum permutation group $G\subset S_N^+$, with orbits having the same size $K$, we construct a universal matrix model $\pi:C(G)\to M_K(C(X))$, having the property that the images of the standard coordinates $u_{ij}\in C(G)$ are…
We provide a unified description of fermion masses and mixing angles in the framework of a supersymmetric grand unified SO(10) model with anarchic Yukawa couplings of order unity. The space-time is five dimensional and the extra flat…
We consider a class of gauged $U(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model (SM), where the light neutrino masses are generated by an inverse seesaw mechanism. In addition to the three right handed neutrinos, we add three singlet fermions and…
Under a reasonable set of ab-initio assumptions, we define and chart the atlas of simple gauge theories with families of fermions whose masses are forbidden by gauge invariance. We propose a compass to navigate the atlas based on counting…
A geometric approach to the standard model in terms of the Clifford algebra $% C\ell_{7}$ is advanced. The gauge symmetries and charge assignments of the fundamental fermions are seen to arise from a simple geometric model involving extra…
Recent work on neutrino oscillations suggests that the three generations of fermions in the standard model are related by representations of the finite group A(4), the group of symmetries of the tetrahedron. Motivated by this, we explore…
We study Higgs boson properties in a model where three fermionic families of the Standard Model arise from a single generation in (5+1) dimensions. We demonstrate that, in spite of a non-trivial background, properties of the…
Symmetries in the Physical Laws of Nature lead to observable effects. Beyond regularities and conserved magnitudes, the last decades in Particle Physics have seen the identification of symmetries, and their well defined breaking, as the…
We present in detail a four-dimensional unified quantum theory. In this theory, we identify three class of parameters, coordinate-momentum, spin and gauge, as all and as the only fundamental parameters to describe quantum fields. The…
We describe a broad class of 4D F-theory models in which an $E_7$ gauge group is broken through fluxes to the Standard Model gauge group. These models are ubiquitous in the 4D F-theory landscape and can arise from flux breaking of most…
The standard model fermion spectrum, including a right handed neutrino, can be obtained as a zero-mode of the Dirac operator on a space which is the product of complex projective spaces of complex dimension two and three. The construction…
Four different extensions of the Standard Model to non-commutative space-time are considered. They all have the structure group U_Y(1) x SU_L(2) x SU_c(3) but differ through the way Yukawa interaction is implemented. Models based on…
Much of twentieth century physics, whether it be Classical or Quantum, has been based on the concept of spacetime as a differentiable manifold. While this work has culminated in the standard model, it is now generally accepted that in the…
The momentum-space topological invariants, which characterize the ground state of the Standard Model, are continuous functions of two parameters, generated by the hypercharge and by the weak charge. These invariants provide the absence of…
We construct a theory of fields living on continuous geometries with fractional Hausdorff and spectral dimensions, focussing on a flat background analogous to Minkowski spacetime. After reviewing the properties of fractional spaces with…