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It is well-known that the charge of fermion is 0 or $\pm1$ in the U(1) gauge theory on noncommutative spacetime. Since the deviation from the standard model in particle physics has not yet observed, and so there may be no room to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Yoshitaka Okumura

Guided by the flipping principle, we propose a novel extension of the Standard Model based on a double right-handed $U(1)$ gauge symmetry. In this framework, all left-handed fermions are neutral, while right-handed fermions of the third…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-13 Duong Van Loi , A. E. Cárcamo Hernández , N. T. Duy , D. T. Binh , Cao H. Nam

This article provides a basic introduction to some concepts of non-commutative geometry. The importance of quantum groups and quantum spaces is stressed. Canonical non-commutativity is understood as an approximation to the quantum group…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Wohlgenannt

Starting with the partition functions for quantum group invariant systems we calculate the metric in the two-dimensional space defined by the parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma=-\beta\mu$ and the corresponding scalar curvature for these systems…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Marcelo R. Ubriaco

We construct an explicit algebraic realisation of three fermion generations within a single Clifford algebra, transforming under the full Standard Model $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge group, in which an intrinsic $S_3$ family…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Niels Gresnigt

We determine the number and distribution of the fermion states in the standard model based on the possible fermion representations of the gauge bosons. By extracting the even parity scalars from the fermion states we suggest the existence…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-10-29 Renata Jora

We believe that the quantum 4-dimensional Minkowski space-time with the force-fields gauge-group structure $SU_c(3) \times SU_L(2) \times U(1) \times SU_f(3)$ built-in from the very beginning is the background for everything. Thus, the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-04 W-Y. Pauchy Hwang

Main objective of the present dissertation is the investigation for all the possible low energy models which emerge in four dimensions by the dimensional reduction of a gauge theory over multiple connected coset spaces. The higher…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-03-15 Theodoros Grammatikopoulos

It is argued that the Weinberg-Salam model is the way it is because the most general self-consistent effective field theory of massive vector bosons interacting with fermions and photons at leading order coincides with the Weinberg-Salam…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-07-05 J. Gegelia

A possible ground state of Quantum Gravity is Wheeler's ``space-time foam'', which can be modeled as a ``Planck-lattice'', a space-time cubic lattice of lattice constant $a_P\simeq 10^{33}$cm, the Planck length. I analyse the structure of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Giuliano Preparata , She-Sheng Xue

Using the resolution of the gauge hierarchy problem recently proposed by Randall and Sundrum, we find a natural explanation for the observed fermion masses and mixings of the three Standard Model (SM) generations. Localizing massless SM…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 David Dooling , Kyungsik Kang

In most supersymmetric models the stability of the proton is ensured by invoking R-parity. A necessary ingredient to enforce R-parity is the possibility of distinguishing the lepton superfields from the Higgs ones. This is generally…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-08-24 Zurab Berezhiani , Enrico Nardi

A proton is known for its longevity, but what is its lifetime? While many Grand Unified Theories predict the proton decay with a finite lifetime, we show that the Standard Model (SM) and some versions of Ultra Unification (which replace…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-19 Juven Wang , Zheyan Wan , Yi-Zhuang You

I present an argument, based on the topology of the universe, why there are three generations of fermions. The argument implies a preferred unified gauge group of SU(5), but with SO(10) representations of the fermions. The breaking pattern…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 J. J. van der Bij

The success of the Higgs mechanism in the standard model has led to the speculation that the standard model gauge group might arise through an analogous breaking of a yet more unified group. Such `grand unified theories' have the advantage…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-09 Shane Farnsworth

The application of fermion-boson symmetry to the standard model leads to the following: first, there are three generations of scalar quarks and scalar leptons in addition to the known quarks and leptons, and, secondly, the divergences in…

General Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Sau Lan Wu , Tai Tsun Wu , Chen Zhou

We describe a supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory based on the gauge group $\SU(5)^3$, or $\SO(10)^3$, invariant under the interchange of any~SU(5), or~SO(10), with each family multiplet transforming non trivially under one different…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-09 Riccardo Barbieri , Gia Dvali , Alessandro Strumia

We interpret the elements of the exceptional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_{8(-24)}$ as objects in the Standard Model, including lepton and quark spinors with the usual properties, the Standard Model Lie algebra…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-26 Corinne A. Manogue , Tevian Dray , Robert A. Wilson

We show that the renormalizable SO(4) X U (1) X SU (2) X SU (3) Yang Mills coupled to matter and the Higgs field fits all the experimentally observed differential cross sections known in nature. This extended Standard Model reproduces the…

General Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Fermin Aldabe

We consider the evolution of quantum fields on a classical background space-time, formulated in the language of differential geometry. Time evolution along the worldlines of observers is described by parallel transport operators in an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Graudenz