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We introduce, for every surface {\Sigma}, a two-way connection between FO transductions (first-order logical transformations) of the graphs embeddable in {\Sigma} and a certain variant of fan-crossing drawings of graphs in {\Sigma}. If the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Petr Hliněný , Jan Jedelský

We study 3-plane drawings, that is, drawings of graphs in which every edge has at most three crossings. We show how the recently developed Density Formula for topological drawings of graphs (KKKRSU GD 2024) can be used to count the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Miriam Goetze , Michael Hoffmann , Ignaz Rutter , Torsten Ueckerdt

Graph drawing addresses the problem of finding a layout of a graph that satisfies given aesthetic and understandability objectives. The most important objective in graph drawing is minimization of the number of crossings in the drawing, as…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-01-22 Mohamed A. El-Sayed , S. Abdel-Khalek , Hanan H. Amin

Let $G$ be a finite group, and let ${\rm{cd}}(G)$ denote the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$. The degree graph $\Delta(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the simple undirected graph whose vertex set ${\rm{V}}(G)$ consists…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Zeinab Akhlaghi , Silvio Dolfi , Emanuele Pacifici , Lucia Sanus

An "edge guard set" of a plane graph $G$ is a subset $\Gamma$ of edges of $G$ such that each face of $G$ is incident to an endpoint of an edge in $\Gamma$. Such a set is said to guard $G$. We improve the known upper bounds on the number of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Ahmad Biniaz , Prosenjit Bose , Aurélien Ooms , Sander Verdonschot

A planar orthogonal drawing of a planar 4-graph G (i.e., a planar graph with vertex-degree at most four) is a crossing-free drawing that maps each vertex of G to a distinct point of the plane and each edge of $G$ to a sequence of horizontal…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Walter Didimo , Michael Kaufmann , Giuseppe Liotta , Giacomo Ortali

A drawing of a graph in the plane is called 1-planar if each edge is crossed at most once. A graph together with a 1-planar drawing is a 1-plane graph. A 1-plane graph $G$ with exactly $4|V (G)|-8$ edges is called optimal. The crossing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Zhangdong Ouyang , Yuanqiu Huang , Licheng Zhang

In this paper, we investigate crossing-free 3D morphs between planar straight-line drawings. We show that, for any two (not necessarily topologically equivalent) planar straight-line drawings of an $n$-vertex planar graph, there exists a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Kevin Buchin , Will Evans , Fabrizio Frati , Irina Kostitsyna , Maarten Löffler , Tim Ophelders , Alexander Wolff

Let $G$ be a graph with an even number of vertices. The matching preclusion number of $G$, denoted by $mp(G)$, is the minimum number of edges whose deletion leaves the resulting graph without a perfect matching. We introduced a $0$-$1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-14 Ruizhi Lin , Heping Zhang

Given a graph $G$ and a subset $F \subseteq E(G)$ of its edges, is there a drawing of $G$ in which all edges of $F$ are free of crossings? We show that this question can be solved in polynomial time using a Hanani-Tutte style approach. If…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-11-29 Marcus Schaefer

We consider straight-line outerplanar drawings of outerplanar graphs in which a small number of distinct edge slopes are used, that is, the segments representing edges are parallel to a small number of directions. We prove that $\Delta-1$…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-04-11 Kolja Knauer , Piotr Micek , Bartosz Walczak

We settle a problem of Dujmovi\'c, Eppstein, Suderman, and Wood by showing that there exists a function $f$ with the property that every planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $d$ admits a drawing with noncrossing straight-line edges, using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-13 Balázs Keszegh , János Pach , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

The vertex connectivity of a graph $G$ is the size of the smallest set of vertices $S$ such that $G \setminus S$ is disconnected. For the class of planar graphs, the problem of vertex connectivity is well-studied, both from structural and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Therese Biedl , Karthik Murali

We give a short, self-contained, and easily verifiable proof that determining the outerthickness of a general graph is NP-hard. This resolves a long-standing open problem on the computational complexity of outerthickness. Moreover, our…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pin-Hsian Lee , Te-Cheng Liu , Meng-Tsung Tsai

The study of nonplanar drawings of graphs with restricted crossing configurations is a well-established topic in graph drawing, often referred to as beyond-planar graph drawing. One of the most studied types of drawings in this area are the…

A $(2,1)$-total labeling of a graph $G$ is an assignment $f$ from the vertex set $V(G)$ and the edge set $E(G)$ to the set $\{0,1,...,k\}$ of nonnegative integers such that $|f(x)-f(y)|\ge 2$ if $x$ is a vertex and $y$ is an edge incident…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-11-25 Toru Hasunuma , Toshimasa Ishii , Hirotaka Ono , Yushi Uno

Let $G$ be a graph that is topologically embedded in the plane and let $\mathcal{A}$ be an arrangement of pseudolines intersecting the drawing of $G$. An aligned drawing of $G$ and $\mathcal{A}$ is a planar polyline drawing $\Gamma$ of $G$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-24 Tamara Mchedlidze , Marcel Radermacher , Ignaz Rutter

The {\em square} $G^2$ of a graph $G$ is the graph with the same vertex set as $G$ and with two vertices adjacent if their distance in $G$ is at most 2. Thomassen showed that every planar graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta(G)=3$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Daniel W. Cranston , Seog-Jin Kim

We study the problem of embedding graphs in the plane as good geometric spanners. That is, for a graph $G$, the goal is to construct a straight-line drawing $\Gamma$ of $G$ in the plane such that, for any two vertices $u$ and $v$ of $G$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Oswin Aichholzer , Manuel Borrazzo , Prosenjit Bose , Jean Cardinal , Fabrizio Frati , Pat Morin , Birgit Vogtenhuber

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at 45 degrees line-segments. For such drawings to be readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Robert Krug