English

Unconditional Density Bounds for Quadratic Norm-Form Energies via Lorentzian Spectral Weights

Number Theory 2026-03-13 v3

Abstract

For a real quadratic field Q(d)\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d}), we study the norm-form energy N=Sζ2dSL2N = S_\zeta^2 - d \cdot S_L^2, where SζS_\zeta and SLS_L are Lorentzian-weighted zero sums with w(ρ)=2/(14+γ2)w(\rho) = 2/(\tfrac{1}{4} + \gamma^2). We prove three main results. (1) Spacelike spectral data: N<0N < 0 unconditionally for all squarefree d>1d > 1, as a consequence of a low-lying zero dominance theorem proved via explicit zero-counting. (2) Effective density bound: at each verified truncation level MM, dens{N>0}2fSL(M)(W1(ζ)/d+ϵM)\mathrm{dens}\{N > 0\} \leq 2\|f_{S_L^{(M)}}\|_\infty \cdot (W_1(\zeta)/\sqrt{d} + \epsilon_M), established unconditionally via Jacobi--Anger resonance analysis. At fixed MM the bound is nontrivial only for sufficiently large dd; the O(1/d)O(1/\sqrt{d}) rate requires MM to grow with dd, which in turn requires a uniform density bound that we establish under a computationally verified finite-rank condition on the resonance lattice. (3) Exact asymptotic: under the computationally verified hypothesis that the infinite resonance lattice Λ\Lambda_\infty has finite rank (verified to have rank 00 for M20M \leq 20), the sharp asymptotic dens{N>0}=C(d)/d+o(1/d)\mathrm{dens}\{N > 0\} = C(d)/\sqrt{d} + o(1/\sqrt{d}) holds. For d=5d = 5, C(5)=2fSL(0)E[Sζ]=0.1193C(5) = 2\,f_{S_L}(0)\cdot\mathbb{E}[|S_\zeta|] = 0.1193; the constant depends on dd through the zeros of L(s,χd)L(s,\chi_d), and C(d)=O(1/logd)C(d) = O(1/\log d) as dd \to \infty. Appendix F tabulates between 1004 and 1044 zeros at 70 decimal places for L(s,χ2)L(s,\chi_2), L(s,χ3)L(s,\chi_3), L(s,χ5)L(s,\chi_5), L(s,χ6)L(s,\chi_6), L(s,χ7)L(s,\chi_7), L(s,χ10)L(s,\chi_{10}), L(s,χ11)L(s,\chi_{11}), and L(s,χ13)L(s,\chi_{13}), all rigorously certified by ARB interval arithmetic.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.00301,
  title  = {Unconditional Density Bounds for Quadratic Norm-Form Energies via Lorentzian Spectral Weights},
  author = {Peter Shiller},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.00301},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

63 pages, 2 figures; Appendix F (186 pages). Not intended for journal publication. Corrections and error reports welcome. Live version and detailed changelog at "Related DOI:" Zenodo