While mutually interacting spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) hold great promise for wireless communication, neural networks, neuromorphic computing, and Ising machines, the highest number of synchronized SHNOs remains limited to N = 64. Using ultra-narrow 10 and 20-nm nano-constrictions in W-Ta/CoFeB/MgO trilayers, we demonstrate mutually synchronized SHNO networks of up to N = 105,000. The microwave power and quality factor scale as N with new record values of 9 nW and 1.04×106, respectively. An unexpectedly strong array size dependence of the frequency-current tunability is explained by magnon exchange between nano-constrictions and magnon losses at the array edges, further corroborated by micromagnetic simulations and Brillouin light scattering microscopy. Our results represent a significant step towards viable SHNO network applications in wireless communication and unconventional computing.
@article{arxiv.2501.18321,
title = {Ultra-large mutually synchronized networks of 10 nm spin Hall nano-oscillators},
author = {Nilamani Behera and Avinash Kumar Chaurasiya and Akash Kumar and Roman Khymyn and Artem Litvinenko and Lakhan Bainsla and Ahmad A. Awad and Johan Åkerman},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.18321},
year = {2025}
}